Ribosomes produce the proteins
Neurotransmitters can affect postsynaptic cells by causing molecular changes in the cells.
The term "chemical messengers of the body" is frequently used to describe neurotransmitters. The nervous system uses these molecules to send information between neurons or from neurons to muscles. A neurotransmitter influences a neuron in one of three ways: excitatory, inhibitory or modulatory.
When a stimulus is potent enough, the chemical messenger neurotransmitter is transferred into the nerve impulse. If it is powerful enough, it will reach the postsynaptic cell and affect the structure of the neuron. And when signal transduction happens, everything mentioned above is completed.
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<span>Fires can help eliminate the roots and shoots of invasive plants and stimulate growth of native species. Controlled fires can eliminate infected plants and enrich the soil. Controlled fires can also eliminate overcrowding of plants or trees. It can eliminate diseased or damaged plants as well.</span>
Answer:
<u>D) the nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA)</u>
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Explanation:
Phages, or bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria.They have varying shapes, and sizes, and may contain one of two kinds of nucleic acid; these are RNA and DNA.
The nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides. These are genetic storage biomolecules made up of the monomers ribonucleic acid (RNA) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
Answer:
Bridgham et al. (2006) showed that the interaction between a steroid hormone (aldosterone-M) and its receptor (mineralocorticoid) evolved by Darwinian gradualism. In this work, the authors demonstrated a primitive affinity between the hormone and its receptor that was initially present in chemically similar but more ancient ligands. This result has implications in understanding the association between gene duplication and the evolution of hormone signaling pathways. For example, in invertebrates, this work reinforces the importance of gene duplication in the existing interaction between paralogous glucocorticoid receptors and their receptor mineralocorticoid genes that were derived from duplication (Thornton 2001).
The publications above cited are the following:
J.T. Bridgham, S.M. Carroll, and J.W. Thornton (2006). Evolution of hormone-receptor complexity by molecular exploitation. Science, 312(5770), 97-101.
JW Thornton. Evolution of vertebrate steroid receptors from an ancestral estrogen receptor by ligand exploitation and serial genome expansions, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (PNAS), 2001, vol. 98 10 (pg. 5671-5676).
