The vector, which is often a small, circular piece of dna that can exist outside the bacterial chromosome, is known as a plasmid.
Bacteria and certain other microscopic species contain plasmids, which are tiny circular DNA molecules. Physically distinct from chromosomal DNA, plasmids multiply on their own. They normally contain only a few genes, including some linked to antibiotic resistance, and they can spread from one cell to another.
Recombinant DNA techniques are used by scientists to splice the genes they want to research into a plasmid. The inserted gene is duplicated along with the plasmid when it duplicates itself. Molecular cloning, the process of creating DNA molecules and introducing them into a host cell, uses plasmid vectors as the means of delivering recombinant DNA into the host cell.
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The correct answer would b c
Answer: Exergonic reaction; Endergonic reaction
In coupled reactions, the energy released by an exergonic reaction is used to drive an endergonic reaction. ATP breakdown is often coupled to cellular reactions that require an input of energy.
Explanation:
Cellular reactions include Exergonic and endergonic reactions. An exergonic reaction is one that occurs spontaneously and brings about the release of energy (in form of ATP). On the other hand, an endergonic reaction proceeds only with the input of energy.
Thus, exergonic reactions are usually coupled to endergonic reactions
