Answer:
Agency by ratification
Explanation:
Agency by ratification is a situation where an agent or a company performs an act while claiming to be the agent of another person without his knowledge.
The principal later accepts and recognises the action as being on their behalf after the fact.
Normally the action by the agent would be invalid, but if it is recognised by the principal it is called agency by ratification and the action is now valid.
When an unauthorised action is taken on behalf of a principal he has the final decision on whether to adopt by signing, or not to adopt
Hidden lines in a drawing represent the edges where surfaces meet but are not directly visible. Hidden lines are omitted from pictorial drawings unless they are needed to make the drawing clear
Hope it helps
Answer:
The reporting difference is not an ethical breach of confidence between the consumer and the industry.
Explanation:
The information being presented is not confidential information. As a result, there is no ethical breach of confidence. Usually, such a lawsuit for breach of confidence is an action originating in common law concerning information between the airline and the consumers, when one of these parties decides to use the available confidential information for an unfair gain or advantage. This is not the case here between the airlines and the consumers of its services. Therefore, the case for breach of confidence should deal with the restriction of the dissemination of commercially viable information.
Answer:
8.02 %
Explanation:
Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is the the cost required by holders of permanent source of capital pooled together.
WACC = Cost of Equity x Weight of Equity + Cost of Preferred Stock x Weight of Preferred Stock + Cost of Debt x Weight of Debt
where,
Cost of Equity (CAPM) = 4 % + 1.08 x 7.5 %
= 12.10 %
Cost of Preferred Stock = 5%
Cost of Debt :
PMT = ($1,000 x 5.5%) ÷ 2 = $27.50
N = 19 x 2 = 38
PV = $1,000 x 104 % = - $1,040
P/YR = 2
FV = $1,000
I/YR = ??
Using a Financial calculator the YTM (which is the cost of debt) is 5.17 %
But,
We use after tax cost of debt.
After tax cost of debt = 5.17 % x (1 - 0.31) = 3.57%
also
Total Market Value = $5,720,000 + $7,700,000 + $1,961,000 = $15,381,000
Weight of Equity = 0.50
Weight of Preferred Stock = 0.13
Weight of Debt = 0.37
therefore,
WACC = 12.10 % x 0.50 + 5% x 0.13 + 3.57% x 0.37
= 8.02 %