(a) The standard error of the mean (SEM) for the U.S. babies is 0.083.
(b) An approximate 95% confidence interval for the mean sleep time for 6-month-old babies in the United States is 12.8367< μ1< 13.163.
(c) An approximate 95% for the difference in average sleep time for 6-month-old Dutch and U.S. infants is −2.203< μ1 <μ2 < −1.7969.
What is standard error and how it is measured?
A statistical concept known as the standard error uses standard deviation to assess how accurately a sample distribution represents a population. The standard error of the mean describes the statistical variation between a sample mean and the population's actual mean.
According to the given information:
In United States:
Sample size 
Mean, 
Standard deviation, 
In Netherlands:
Sample size, 
Mean, 
Standard deviation, 
(a) For the newborns in the United States, the standard error of the mean (SEM) is determined as follows:

(b) The following formula is used to determine the 95% confidence interval for the mean sleep time for babies aged 6 months in the United States:


(c) The 95% difference in the amount of time newborns in the Netherlands and the United States spend sleeping on average is computed as follows:

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The type of electronic monitoring that involves an offender being contacted periodically by telephone or beeper to verify his or her whereabouts is called the programmed contact. It is a method used in investigations to monitor the offender in a certain situation where he is forced to remain.
Answer:
I. Algorithms can be written using pseudocode.
II. Algorithms can be visualized using flowcharts.
Explanation:
An algorithm can be defined as a standard formula or procedures which comprises of set of finite steps or instructions for solving a problem on a computer. The time complexity is a measure of the amount of time required by an algorithm to run till its completion of the task with respect to the length of the input.
The two statements which are true about algorithms are;
I. Algorithms can be written using pseudocode. A pseudocode refers to the description of the steps contained in an algorithm using a plain or natural language.
II. Algorithms can be visualized using flowcharts. A flowchart can be defined as a graphical representation of an algorithm for a process or workflow.
Basically, a flowchart make use of standard symbols such as arrows, rectangle, diamond and an oval to graphically represent the steps associated with a system, process or workflow sequentially i.e from the beginning (start) to the end (finish).
The result of MINUS operator will be 10 - 2 = 8 records (number of records in CUSTOMER - number of common records).