A cultural environment is a set of beliefs, traditions, rituals, and behaviors that are considered common to all of those who live within a specific population. The way each individual develops influences the cultural environments, resulting in developing philosophies and personalities. The importance of cultural environments is specific to a particular culture, period, and location. Depending on the time period, those values will differ.
I'd say that the answer is observational study because they're just analyzing the data and if it were an experiment they'd be taking data and comparing it.
