DNA transcribes information into the RNA of the nucleus. Transcription is making copies of information from DNA and applying that information into a new format. The RNA first stays in the nucleus and then travels to the ribosome on the rough endoplasmic reticulum through the cytoplasm. Here the translation of RNA done. The information the DNA which was copied onto the RNA during transcription is translated into a sequence of amino acids in this stage. In the next step, the amino acid chains, or polypeptides, are constructed in the correct sequence to form proteins.
After synthesis of protein, a part of the rough endoplasmic reticulum takes off and separates to form a protein-filled vesicle. Then this vesicle travel to the Golgi complex where the protein is modified if needed and then repackaged into a new vesicle. The vesicles then carry out the protein to another organelle where it will be used within the cell or to the plasma membrane for secretion purposes.
So, sperm and egg cells of dog would have 39 chromosomes and one double helix DNA molecule is present in each chromosome comprising 39 double helical DNA molecules.
<em>A chromosome has one DNA molecule before replication and have two DNA molecules after DNA replication.</em>
