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In-s [12.5K]
3 years ago
9

How does a small set of elements combine to form molecules , compounds and mixtures, which are used in your daily lives?

Chemistry
1 answer:
Anastaziya [24]3 years ago
6 0

Elements are the simplest substances in nature that cannot be broken down into smaller parts by normal chemical means. They contain only atoms of the same type, ones that have identical chemical properties. There are at least 90 naturally-occurring elements, plus man-made ones. If you look at a periodic table, you'll see the names of each of these elements and some of their properties (such as mass, or how heavy the atom is).

Molecules & Compounds

When atoms from different elements are joined together in groups, they form molecules. The atoms in molecules bind together chemically, which means that the atoms cannot be separated again by physical means, such as filtration. The molecule has different properties from the elements from which is was made. A water molecule is not three separate atoms, two hydrogen (H) and one oxygen (O), but it is actually a unique H2O molecule with its own set of distinct properties.

Like elements that are formed of atoms of the same sort, compounds are formed of molecules of the same sort. The elements can be combined into about 2 million different compounds! Did you know that eggshells are made up of a calcium carbonate compound? And citric acid, which is found in oranges and other citrus fruit, is a compound of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Your kids might find it helpful to do a science research project finding other common compounds around your house. Make hypotheses and do research using a chemistry reference book, web site, or text book to find out the answers.

There are more carbon compounds than compounds of any other element. Organic compound is the name for the carbon compounds found in all living things.

Mixtures - A Bit of This and That

All matter can be classified into two categories: pure substances and mixtures. A pure substance consists of a single element or compound. Iron is formed only of iron (Fe) atoms; table salt is formed only of sodium chloride (NaCl) molecules. A mixture, however, is made up of different compounds and/or elements. When salt is added to water to make saltwater, it becomes a mixture. The salt and water molecules do not combine to form new molecules, but only "mix" together while still retaining their identities. Air is also a mixture, containing just the right amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases for life on Earth.  

Not all mixtures have the same composition throughout. Salt water does, but Italian salad dressing does not--the parts separate and are not perfectly blended or homogenous. Mixtures of metals are called alloys (bronze is an alloy of copper and tin); liquid mixtures (such as saltwater) are called solutions.

The substances that make up a mixture can be separated by physical means because they have different physical properties (such as different melting points) and are not chemically bonded. A mixture can be separated into its parts in a variety of ways, including decantation (letting the sand in a mixture of water and sand settle, and then draining off the water, for example), filtering, and evaporation. You can use a kitchen funnel and coffee filter for filtration, and either use sunlight or low heat for evaporation. Try out these methods on saltwater and a sand and water mixture to see how they work and compare the results. Evaporation will work for both saltwater and sand and water solutions, but filtration will not work for saltwater. Can you think of other examples where a separating method will work for one mixture and not another? Another one to try is lemon juice, a mixture of water and citric acid; what do you think happens when it is boiled? The water evaporates and eventually leaves nothing but citric acid crystals

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What are the prefixes for molecular compounds?
fredd [130]

Answer:

In nomenclature of simple molecular compounds, the more electropositive atom is written first and the more electronegative element is written last with an -ide suffix.

The Greek prefixes are used to dictate the number of a given element present in a molecular compound.

Prefixes can be shortened when the ending vowel of the prefix “conflicts” with a starting vowel in the compound.

Common exceptions exist for naming molecular compounds, where trivial or common names are used instead of systematic names, such as ammonia (NH3) instead of nitrogen trihydride or water (H2O) instead of dihydrogen monooxide.

Terms

nomenclatureA set of rules used for forming the names or terms in a particular field of arts or sciences.

electronegativeTending to attract electrons within a chemical bond.

electropositiveTending to not attract electrons (repel) within a chemical bond.

Chemical Nomenclature

The primary function of chemical nomenclature is to ensure that a spoken or written chemical name leaves no ambiguity concerning to what chemical compound the name refers. Each chemical name should refer to a single substance. Today, scientists often refer to chemicals by their common names: for example, water is not often called dihydrogen oxide. However, it is important to be able to recognize and name all chemicals in a standardized way. The most widely accepted format for nomenclature has been established by IUPAC.

Molecular compounds are made when two or more elements share electrons in a covalent bond to connect the elements. Typically, non-metals tend to share electrons, make covalent bonds, and thus, form molecular compounds.

Rules for Naming Molecular Compounds:

Remove the ending of the second element, and add “ide” just like in ionic compounds.

When naming molecular compounds prefixes are used to dictate the number of a given element present in the compound. ” mono-” indicates one, “di-” indicates two, “tri-” is three, “tetra-” is four, “penta-” is five, and “hexa-” is six, “hepta-” is seven, “octo-” is eight, “nona-” is nine, and “deca” is ten.

If there is only one of the first element, you can drop the prefix. For example, CO is carbon monoxide, not monocarbon monoxide.

If there are two vowels in a row that sound the same once the prefix is added (they “conflict”), the extra vowel on the end of the prefix is removed. For example, one oxygen would be monooxide, but instead it’s monoxide. The extra o is dropped.

Generally, the more electropositive atom is written first, followed by the more electronegative atom with an appropriate suffix. For example, H2O (water) can be called dihydrogen monoxide (though it’s not usually). Organic molecules (molecules made of C and H along with other elements) do not follow this rule.

8 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Cheryl kept a potted plant near a window. After two days, she observed that the plant had drooped as shown.
Alex_Xolod [135]
A watering the plant. Plants wilt or droop when there’s not enough water because it helps reduce the amount of a surface area
3 0
3 years ago
Reaction of acetylene with silver nitrate​
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3 years ago
The table shows the pH levels of four common items. If a student tests a sample of each item, which will turn a strip of red lit
podryga [215]
The answer is d, hand soap.

Hand soap is alkaline and red litmus paper turns blue when exposed to alkaline solution.
3 0
2 years ago
How can chemical weathering contribute to physical weathering?
lora16 [44]

A-leads to the abrasion of rocks and minerals

A-dense vegetation cover

True

Explanation:

Weathering is the physical disintegration and chemical decomposition of rocks to form sediments and soils.

Agent of weathering are wind, water and glacier.

Chemical weathering contributes to physical weathering in that it leads to the abrasion of rocks and minerals.

During chemical weathering, a rock chemically combines with materials in the environment and weakens it.

When physical weathering processes are induced, grains produced independently weakening of bonds in rocks grind against one another and wears each other off.

An area with a dense vegetation cover undergoes rapid chemical weathering:

  • Plant roots penetrates deep into the rock and increases the surface area of chemical action.
  • Plants produce chemicals that combines with rocks and causes them to decay.
  • Since the area is always moist, chemical action becomes more severe.

Buildings and statues made of stone are subjected to the same degree of weathering as rocks exposed naturally.

This is true.

Statues and buildings weather just like rocks we find in nature.

It is the same sunshine and rain that impacts rocks that also impacts buildings and statues.

So they degrade at the same rate except they are protected.

learn more:

Erosion brainly.com/question/2473244

#learnwithBrainly

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