Answer:
The population mean of at least one treatment effect are different.
Step-by-step explanation:
An analysis of variance (ANOVA) is conducted in order to determine if there are significant differences between the values of the population mean with respect to the response variable for the domains that under the effects of different treatments. A low p-value leads to reject the null hypothesis of the following hypothesis system:
Rejecting H0 means that this hypothesis is false and, in turn, allows us to conclude that the population mean of one of the domains is different from the others.
The cotangent function is defined as the ratio between cosine and sine of a given angle, i.e.
Since you can't have zero at the denominator, the cotangent function is not defined when the sine is zero.
Let's look at your option:
, so the cotangent is defined here
, so the cotangent is not defined here
, so the cotangent is defined here
, so the cotangent is defined here