The limiting reactant is the substance of the reactants that runs out first. The excess reactant is the substance with the greater amount than necessary to react completely with the limiting reactant after a chemical reaction.
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Answer:
The volume of the concentrated nitric acid taken: <u>V₁ = 4.3 mL</u>
Explanation:
Given: Final pH of nitric acid (HNO₃) solution= 1.30
Volume of HNO₃ solution: V₂ = 600.0 mL
Concentration of stock HNO₃ solution: M₁ = 7.0 M
Volume of the stock HNO₃ solution: V₁ = ?
To find out <u>the concentration of HNO₃ solution (M₂),</u> we use the following equation: pH = - ㏒ [H⁺]
⇒ 1.3 = - ㏒ [H⁺]
⇒ ㏒ [H⁺] = - 1.3
⇒ [H⁺] = antilog (- 1.3)
⇒ [H⁺] = antilog (- 1.3) = 0.050 M = M₂
Now, to calculate<u> the volume of concentrated 7.0 M HNO₃ (V₁)</u> that should be added to prepare 600.0 mL of 0.050 M HNO₃ solution, we use the dilution equation: M₁ × V₁ = M₂ × V₂
⇒ V₁ = M₂ × V₂ ÷ M₁
⇒ V₁ = (0.050 M) × (600.0 mL) ÷ (7.0 M)
⇒ <u>V₁ = 4.3 mL (rounded to two significant digits)</u>
<u>Therefore, the volume of the concentrated nitric acid taken: V₁ = 4.3 mL</u>