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The correct answer to this question is this one: a.) bottleneck effect. Increased poaching nearly led to the extinction of the American bison. The kind of effect that does this example represent is called the bottleneck effect. Hope this helps answer your question.
The erosion or disintegration of rocks, building materials, etc., caused by chemical reactions (chiefly with water and substances dissolved in it) rather than by mechanical processes. HOPE THIS HELPS!! :)