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3 years ago

Which element in each of the following sets would you expect to have the lowest IE₃?

Chemistry

2 answers:

AysviL [449]3 years ago

3 0

Answer:

(a) AL

(b) Sc

(c)Al

Explanation:

Ionization Energy is the energy required to remove electrons from the outer most orbitals of atom.

The higher the electron is on energy level the farther its from nucleus and more loosely bonded thus need lesser energy.

By looking at electron configuration we can figure out which electron will need more energy.

1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶,4s², 3d¹

Na₁₁ ⇒ 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s¹

Mg₁₂ ⇒ 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s²

Al₁₃ ⇒ 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 2p¹

Al will have lowest IE₃ as its third electron will be in highest energy level and more loosely bonded to nucleus.

K₁₉⇒1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶,4s²

Ca₂₀⇒1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶,4s²

Sc₂₁⇒1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶,4s², 3d¹

Sc will have lowest IE₃ as its third electron will be in highest energy level and more loosely bonded to nucleus.

Li₃ ⇒ 1s², 2s¹

Al₁₃ ⇒ 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 2p¹

B₅ ⇒ 1s², 2s², 2p¹

Al will have lowest IE₃ as its third electron will be in highest energy level and more loosely bonded to nucleus.

eimsori [14]3 years ago

3 0

Answer:

A. Al

B. Sc

C. Al

Explanation:

The third ionisation energy is the energy required to an extra electron from a +2 ion or the energy required to remove the third electron from an element.

Lithium - 1s2 2s1

Sodium - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1

Magnesium - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2

Aluminium - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1

Potassium - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1

Calcium- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2

Boron - 1s2 2s2 2p1

Scandium - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d1 4s2

Removing 2 electrons,

Li2+- 1s1

Na2+ - 1s2 2s2 2p5

Mg2+ - 1s2 2s2 2p6

Al2+ - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1

K2+ - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

Ca2+ - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4

Boron - 1s2 2s1

Scandium - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1

So comparing,

A. Na, Mg, Al

The third electron is lost from a p- orbital and the energy level of p- is less than s- orbital but 3s is way less than the 2p so the lowest third ionisation energy is Al

B. K, Ca, Sc

The third electrons are lost from the 3p orbital in K and Ca but in 4s in Sc and if you remember, 4s has a lesser energy level than 3p orbital. So, Sc has the lowest third ionisation energy.

C. Li, Al, B

Al has the lowest third ionisation energy because Li loses its from 1s which is closest to the nucleus and B from 2s which is also close to the nucleus.

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horsena [70]

Answer:

Silver Acetate would be the Limiting Reagent.

Explanation:

The balance chemical equation for the given double displacement reaction is as;

HCl + AgC₂H₃O₂ → AgCl + HC₂H₃O₂

Step 1: <u>Calculate Moles of Starting Materials:</u>

Moles of HCl:

Moles = Mass / M.Mass

Moles = 72.9 g / 36.46

Moles = 1.99 moles

Moles of AgC₂H₃O₂:

Moles = 150 g / 166.91 g/mol

Moles = 0.898 moles

Step 2: <u>Find out Limiting reagent as:</u>

According to balance chemical equation.

1 mole of HCl reacts with = 1 mole of AgC₂H₃O₂

So,

1.99 moles of HCl will react with = X moles of AgC₂H₃O₂

Solving for X,

X = 1.99 mol × 1 mol / 1 mol

X = 1.99 mol of AgC₂H₃O₂

Hence, to completely consume 1.99 moles of Hydrochloric acid we will require 1.99 moles of Silver Acetate, But, we are provided with only 0.898 moles of Silver Acetate. This means Silver Acetate will consume first in the reaction therefore, it is the LIMITING REAGENT.

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wel

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Hope this helps!

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Ice cream is made by freezing a liquid mixture that, as a first approximation, can be considered a solution of sucrose in water.

hjlf

Answer:

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Explanation:

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n = m/mr

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