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Digiron [165]
3 years ago
12

Which element in each of the following sets would you expect to have the lowest IE₃?

Chemistry
2 answers:
AysviL [449]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

(a) AL

(b) Sc

(c)Al

Explanation:

Ionization Energy is the energy required to remove electrons from the outer most orbitals of atom.

The higher the electron is on energy level the farther its from nucleus and more loosely bonded thus need lesser energy.

By looking at electron configuration we can figure out which electron will need more energy.

<h3>(a)Na, Mg, Al</h3>

1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶,4s², 3d¹

Na₁₁ ⇒ 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s¹

Mg₁₂ ⇒ 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s²

Al₁₃ ⇒ 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 2p¹

Al will have lowest IE₃ as its third electron will be in highest energy level and more loosely bonded to nucleus.

<h3>(b) K, Ca, Sc</h3>

K₁₉⇒1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶,4s²

Ca₂₀⇒1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶,4s²

Sc₂₁⇒1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶,4s², 3d¹

Sc will have lowest IE₃ as its third electron will be in highest energy level and more loosely bonded to nucleus.

<h3>(c) Li, Al, B</h3>

Li₃ ⇒ 1s², 2s¹

Al₁₃ ⇒ 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 2p¹

B₅ ⇒ 1s², 2s², 2p¹

Al will have lowest IE₃ as its third electron will be in highest energy level and more loosely bonded to nucleus.

eimsori [14]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

A. Al

B. Sc

C. Al

Explanation:

The third ionisation energy is the energy required to an extra electron from a +2 ion or the energy required to remove the third electron from an element.

Lithium - 1s2 2s1

Sodium - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1

Magnesium - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2

Aluminium - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1

Potassium - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1

Calcium- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2

Boron - 1s2 2s2 2p1

Scandium - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d1 4s2

Removing 2 electrons,

Li2+- 1s1

Na2+ - 1s2 2s2 2p5

Mg2+ - 1s2 2s2 2p6

Al2+ - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1

K2+ - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

Ca2+ - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4

Boron - 1s2 2s1

Scandium - 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1

So comparing,

A. Na, Mg, Al

The third electron is lost from a p- orbital and the energy level of p- is less than s- orbital but 3s is way less than the 2p so the lowest third ionisation energy is Al

B. K, Ca, Sc

The third electrons are lost from the 3p orbital in K and Ca but in 4s in Sc and if you remember, 4s has a lesser energy level than 3p orbital. So, Sc has the lowest third ionisation energy.

C. Li, Al, B

Al has the lowest third ionisation energy because Li loses its from 1s which is closest to the nucleus and B from 2s which is also close to the nucleus.

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Hydrofluoric acid is what type of acid?
posledela

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How much heat does a 100. g sample of copper absorb when its temperature increases by 30.0°C? The specific heat of copper is 0.3
erica [24]

Answer:

\boxed {\boxed {\sf B. \ 1170 \ Joules }}

Explanation:

We are asked to find how much heat a sample of copper absorbs when the temperature is increased.

Since we know the mass, temperature increase, and specific heat capacity, we can use the following formula to calculate heat.

q= mc \Delta T

The mass of the copper sample is 100 grams, the temperature is changed or increased by 30.0 degrees Celsius, and the specific heat of copper is 0.39 Joules per gram degrees Celsius.

  • m= 100 g
  • c= 0.39 J/g °C
  • ΔT= 30.0 °C

Substitute the values into the formula.

q= (100 \ g )(0.39 \ J/g \textdegree C ) (30.0 \textdegree C )

Multiply the first two values. Note that the units of grams cancel.

q= 39 \ J/ \textdegree C (30.0 \textdegree C )

Multiply again, this time the units of degrees Celsius cancel.

q= 1170 \ J

The copper sample absorbs <u>1170 Joules</u> of heat and <u>Choice B </u>is correct.

7 0
3 years ago
For a steel stack that exhausts 1,200 m3/min of gases at 1 atm and 400 k, calculate the inner diameter if you are designing for
bonufazy [111]

The inner diameter for a steel stack that exhausts 1,200 m3/min of gases at 1 atm and 400 k is 1.45 m

<h3>What is Stack Height ?</h3>

Stack height means the distance from the ground-level elevation at the base of the stack to the crown of the stack.

If a stack arises from a building or other structure, the ground-level elevation of that building or structure will be used as the base elevation of the stack.

Given is a steel stack that exhausts 1,200 cu.m/min of gases

P= 1 atm and

T= 400 K

maximum expected wind speed at stack height of 12 m/s

The formula for the diameter of chimney

\rm d=\sqrt{\dfrac{4Q}{\pi v} }

Q =1200 cu.m/min

= 1200 * 0.0166 = 19.92 cu.m/sec

Velocity = 12m/s

\rm d=\sqrt{\dfrac{4\times 19.92}{3.14*12} }\\

d= 1.45 m

Therefore The inner diameter for a steel stack that exhausts 1,200 m3/min of gases at 1 atm and 400 k is 1.45 m.

To know more about Stack Height

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