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AysviL [449]
3 years ago
5

For the following, identify the process as a spontaneous process, a nonspontaneous process, or an equilibrium process at the spe

cified temperature: (Assume that the thermodynamic data in the appendix do not vary with temperature.) CO2(g) → CO2(aq) at 25°C
Chemistry
1 answer:
alexandr402 [8]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

A nonspontaneous process

Explanation:

The spontaneity of a reaction is given by the standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°). We can calculate ΔG° using the following expression.

ΔG° = ∑np . ΔG°f(p) - ∑nr . ΔG°f(r)

where,

ni are the moles of reactants and products

ΔG°f(p) are the standard Gibbs free energies of formation of reactants and products

For the equation,

CO₂(g) → CO₂(aq)

ΔG° = 1 mol × ΔG°f(CO₂(aq)) - 1 mol × ΔG°f(CO₂(g))

ΔG° = 1 mol × (-386.0 kJ/mol) - 1 mol × (-394.4 kJ/mol)

ΔG° = 8.4 kJ

By convention, ΔG° > 0 means that the reaction is nonspontaneous.

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True or false: All heterotrophs are omnivores.
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Answer:

False. They can be both omnivores and carnivores.

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If acetic acid is the only acid that vinegar contains (ka=1.8×10−5), calculate the concentration of acetic acid in the vinegar.
kicyunya [14]
Ethanoic (Acetic) acid is a weak acid and do not dissociate fully. Therefore its equilibrium state has to be considered here.

CH_{3}COOH \ \textless \ ---\ \textgreater \   H^{+} + CH_{3}COO^{-}

In this case pH value of the solution is necessary to calculate the concentration but it's not given here so pH = 2.88 (looked it up)

pH = 2.88 ==> [H^{+}]  = 10^{-2.88} =  0.001 moldm^{-3}

The change in Concentration Δ [CH_{3}COOH]= 0.001 moldm^{-3}


                                  CH3COOH          H+           CH3COOH    
Initial  moldm^{-3}                      x           0                     0
                                                                                                                       
Change moldm^{-3}        -0.001            +0.001           +0.001
                                                                                                       
Equilibrium moldm^{-3}      x- 0.001      0.001             0.001
                                                                              

Since the k_{a} value is so small, the assumption 
[CH_{3}COOH]_{initial} = [CH_{3}COOH]_{equilibrium} can be made.

k_{a} = [tex]= 1.8*10^{-5}  =  \frac{[H^{+}][CH_{3}COO^{-}]}{[CH_{3}COOH]} =  \frac{0.001^{2}}{x}

Solve for x to get the required concentration.

note: 1.)Since you need the answer in 2SF don&t round up values in the middle of the calculation like I've done here.

         2.) The ICE (Initial, Change, Equilibrium) table may come in handy if you are new to problems of this kind

Hope this helps! 



8 0
3 years ago
Which of the following actions will induce an electric current?
pentagon [3]

Answer:

a

Explanation:

its the only thing witth electric energy, the rest are magnetic energy

7 0
3 years ago
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Tanya [424]
It's D reflection. I found the answer on quizlet.
https://quizlet.com/127051840/chapter-12-sound-flash-cards/  
That is the link to the quizlet.
6 0
3 years ago
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