The circumference of a circle of radius
is

So, in your case, the circumference is

The circumference is actually the length of the "perimeter", so the answer to questions 1 and 2 looks the same actually
as a fraction it would be 74 over 25 in one way there might be other ways
I can answer 18 for you, but I don't understand 16
18. Since when we lose 3 girls the ratio for the girls side drops by 1, that tells us that 1 digit equals 3 people.
a) 5*3=15 so our answer is 15 girls.
b) 4*3=12 and 5*3=15 so 15+12, our answer would be 27