<span> When a cell membrane becomes energized due to electron transport reactions by the electron carriers embedded in it then this results in proton motive force (PMF). This way the cell becomes a tiny battery. </span><span>
The proton motive force (PMF) is driven by </span>the difference in charge across the plasma membrane with protons outside the membrane.
Answer:
<em>Moving</em><em> </em><em>of</em><em> </em><em>fan</em><em> </em><em>is</em><em> </em><em>convection</em><em>.</em>
<em>The faster moving air from the fan displaces the warmer air that is in direct contact with our skin. This enhances the rate of convective heat transfer, which means we feel cooler.</em>
Answer:
A dimer (/ˈdaɪmər/) (di-, "two" + -mer, "parts") is an oligomer consisting of two monomers joined by bonds that can be either strong or weak, covalent or intermolecular. The term homodimer is used when the two molecules are identical (e.g. A–A) and heterodimer when they are not (e.g. A–B).
Explanation:
Looking at the second cross, a 2:1 phenotypic ratio (instead of the typical 3:1) usually indicate a lethal homozygous genotype. Based on the question, it’s sensible to assume that a snapdragon homozygous for the aureal allele, which should have a even lesser chlorophyll count than the heterozygote, can’t even make it to the birth of the plant, thus the GAGA type never existed in reality. Under this assumption, we can deduce that the 2/3 aurea is of genotype GAG and the 1/3 green offspring of genotype GG. If a punnet square was pulled including the lethal genotype, it will be easily seen that the aureal allele is the dominant type. The first cross of genotype GG x GG conform to this conclusion. And the third is therefore a test cross between the homozygous recessive GG and the heterozygous GAG (aurea), with the result abiding our theory. Correct me if I was wrong, the GA allele is termed dominant negative as a single copy of it results in a deficit in chlorophyll amount. But anyway, the explanation above should give you an answer to the relationship between the G and GA allele.
