Self-confidence is considered one of the most influential motivators and regulators of behavior in people's everyday lives (Bandura, 1986). A growing body of evidence suggests that one's perception of ability or self-confidence is the central mediating construct of achievement strivings (e.g., Bandura, 1977; Ericsson et al., 1993; Harter, 1978; Kuhl, 1992; Nicholls, 1984). Ericsson and his colleagues have taken the position that the major influence in the acquisition of expert performance is the confidence and motivation to persist in deliberate practice for a minimum of 10 years.
Self-confidence is not a motivational perspective by itself. It is a judgment about capabilities for accomplishment of some goal, and, therefore, must be considered within a broader conceptualization of motivation that provides the goal context. Kanfer (1990a) provides an example of one cognitively based framework of motivation for such a discussion. She suggests that motivation is composed of two components: goal choice and self-regulation. Self-regulation, in turn, consists of three related sets of activities: self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-reactions. Self-monitoring provides information about current performance, which is then evaluated by comparing that performance with one's goal. The comparison between performance and goal results in two distinct types of self-reactions: self-satisfaction or -dissatisfaction and self-confidence expectations. Satisfaction or dissatisfaction is an affective response to past actions; self-confidence expectations are judgments about one's future capabilities to attain one's goal. This framework allows a discussion of self-confidence as it relates to a number of motivational processes, including setting goals and causal attributions.
Answer:
$3,310.20
Explanation:
The applicable formula in this case is
A = P x ( 1 + r )^ n
Where A= amount after 20 years
P is principle amount= $1000
r is interest rate = 6 % or 0.06 per year: monthly interest = 0.06/12
n is number of periods = 12 months x 20 years
A = $1000 x ( 1 + 0.005) ^240
A = $1000x (1.005) ^ 240
A =$1000 x 3.31020447580
A =$3,310.2044
Answer: Present value of the cash flows of the company is $1,158,824.
Explanation: Philips industries have the cash flow for $197,000. The industry needs to find the present value of the cash flow and the cash flows growth is decreasing every year by 6%.
The present value of the cash flows for perpetuity with decreasing growth rate is:
where, Cash flow for the year 1 (C1) = $197,000
Discount rate (r) = 11%
Growth rate (g) = -6%
![Present value of the cash flows (PV) = $197000/[0.11 - (-0.060)]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20Present%20value%20of%20the%20cash%20flows%20%28PV%29%20%3D%20%24197000%2F%5B0.11%20-%20%28-0.060%29%5D%20)
Present value of the cash flows (PV) = $1,158,824
Therefore the present value of the cash flows of the company is $1,158,824.
