The Karger's algorithm relates to graph theory where G=(V,E) is an undirected graph with |E| edges and |V| vertices. The objective is to find the minimum number of cuts in edges in order to separate G into two disjoint graphs. The algorithm is randomized and will, in some cases, give the minimum number of cuts. The more number of trials, the higher probability that the minimum number of cuts will be obtained.
The Karger's algorithm will succeed in finding the minimum cut if every edge contraction does not involve any of the edge set C of the minimum cut.
The probability of success, i.e. obtaining the minimum cut, can be shown to be ≥ 2/(n(n-1))=1/C(n,2), which roughly equals 2/n^2 given in the question.Given: EACH randomized trial using the Karger's algorithm has a success rate of P(success,1) ≥ 2/n^2.
This means that the probability of failure is P(F,1) ≤ (1-2/n^2) for each single trial.
We need to estimate the number of trials, t, such that the probability that all t trials fail is less than 1/n.
Using the multiplication rule in probability theory, this can be expressed as
P(F,t)= (1-2/n^2)^t < 1/n
We will use a tool derived from calculus that
Lim (1-1/x)^x as x->infinity = 1/e, and
(1-1/x)^x < 1/e for x finite.
Setting t=(1/2)n^2 trials, we have
P(F,n^2) = (1-2/n^2)^((1/2)n^2) < 1/e
Finally, if we set t=(1/2)n^2*log(n), [log(n) is log_e(n)]
P(F,(1/2)n^2*log(n))
= (P(F,(1/2)n^2))^log(n)
< (1/e)^log(n)
= 1/(e^log(n))
= 1/n
Therefore, the minimum number of trials, t, such that P(F,t)< 1/n is t=(1/2)(n^2)*log(n) [note: log(n) is natural log]
Answer:
90
Step-by-step explanation:
60/100=x/150
180/300=2x/300
2x=180
x=90
Answer:
Median = 13
Step-by-step explanation:
We are given the following data:
16, 15, 13, 12, 17, 14, 11, 9, 11
Formula:
Sorted data: 9, 11, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17
Median =
Thus, the median of the given data is 13.
7^2 +6 ^2= 85
Square root of 85 = 9.219544457
Answer : 9.2
Answer:
Seth has 21 nickels
Step-by-step explanation:
Let n represent the number of nickels. Since Seth has 8 more nickels than dimes, then (n-8) is the number dimes.
Nickel is worth 5 cents and dime is worth 10 cents. Thus, n nickels are worth 5n cents and (n-8) dimes are worth 10(n-8) cents. The total value of Seth's coins is $2.35 that is 235 cents, then
Solve this equation:
