Example 19.1 Aldol Reaction Draw the product of the base-catalyzed aldol reaction of each compound. (a) Butanal (b) Cyclohexanon
e Solution The aldol product is formed by nucleophilic addition of the a-carbon of one molecule to the carbonyl carbon of another.
1 answer:
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Answer:
Explanation:
In this case, we have to start with the <u>chemical reaction</u>:
So, if we start with <u>10 mol of cyclohexanol</u> () we will obtain 10 mol of cyclohexanol (
). So, we can calculate the grams of cyclohexanol if we<u> calculate the molar mass:</u>
With this value we can calculate the grams:
Now, we have as a product 500 mL of . If we use the <u>density value</u> (0.811 g/mL). We can calculate the grams of product:
Finally, with these values we can calculate the <u>yield</u>:
%= (405.5/820)*100 = 49.45 %
See figure 1
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The question is incomplete. Her eis the complete question.
Steam reforming methane (CH4) produces "synthesis gas", a mixture of carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas, which is the starting point for many important industrial chemical syntheses. An industrial chemist studying this reaction fills a 125L tank with 20 mol of methane gas and 10 mol of water vapor at 38°C. He then raises the temperature, and when the mixture has come to equilibrium measures the amount of gas hydrogen to be 18 mol. Calculate the concentration equilibrium constant for the steam reforming of methane at the final temperature of the mixture. Round your answer to significant digits.
Answer: = 2.
Explanation: The reaction for steam reforming methane is:
⇒
To calculate the concentration equilibrium constant, first calculate the molarity () of each molecule of the reaction.
At 38°C: At the initial temperature, there no products yet
<u>Molarity of CH4</u>:
CH4 = = 0.16M
<u>Molarity of H20</u>:
H2O = = 0.08M
At final temperature:
<u>Molarity of H2</u>:
H2 = = 0.144M
According to the chemical reaction, the combination of 1 mol of each reagents produces 1 mol of CO and 3 mols of H2, so, for the products, the ratio is 1:3.
<u>Molarity of CO</u>:
CO = = 0.048M
For the reagents, the proportion is 1:1, but they had an initial concentration, so, when in equilibrium, the concentration will be:
<u>Molarity of CH4</u>:
CH4 = 0.16 - 0.048 = 0.112M
<u>Molarity of H2O</u>:
H20 = 0.08 - 0.048 = 0.032M
The equilibrium constant is given by:
=
= 2.
The concentration equilibrium constant for the process is = 2.
.