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Answer:
each firm simultaneously increased output above the Nash equilibrium level.
Explanation:
A French mathematician, Antoine Augustine Cournot developed the Cournot duopoly in his economic model “Researches into the mathematical principles of the theory of wealth”, of 1838.
Cournot duopoly also known as the Cournot competition, is an economic model where two (2) business firms having identical cost functions compete in a oligopolistic market of imperfect competition with homogeneous products.
Under the Cournot duopoly, the competing firms offer identical products and thus, choose an amount or quantity to produce independently and at the same time because they cannot collude.
Both firms in a Cournot duopoly would enjoy lower profits if each firm simultaneously increased output above the Nash equilibrium level.
Hence, the advantage of the Cournot duopoly is that, it inhibits competing firms from deviating unilaterally.
Answer:
Dividends are fixed. ⇒ Consistent with Debt
Fixed dividends makes preferred shares consistent with debt because debt repayments are made in equal payments as well.
Usually has no specified maturity date ⇒ Consistent with Equity.
Equity has no set maturity date unlike debt and preferred stock has no maturity date either so is much like equity in this regard.
Cost of preferred stock.
Preferred stock is like a perpetuity. The cost of preferred stock is therefore:
= Constant dividend / Price of stock
= 13 / 130.45
= 9.97%
= 10%
Answer:
2.88%
Explanation:
According to the fisher equation :
(1 + Nominal interest ) = (1 + real interest) (1 + inflation rate)
(1.07) = (1.04) x (1 + real interest)
(1.07) / (1.04) = (1 + real interest)
1.028846
real interest rate = 2.88%
