A crystal is any solid that has an organized structure. ... So it is a prerequisite to be a crystal in order to be a mineral. All minerals, therefore, form crystals. On the other hand, there are crystals that are not minerals, because they are not naturally occuring, or because they are not inorganic
Source: http://www.geologyin.com/2016/03/what-is-difference-between-minerals-and.html?m=1
In a endothermic reaction energy from an outside source is continuously being added.
Answer:
the ionic radius of the anion 
Explanation:
From the diagram shown below :
The anion
is located at the corners
The cation
is located at the body center
The Body diagonal length = 
∴ 
Given that :
(i.e the ratio of the ionic radius of the cation to the ionic radius of
the anion )

Also ; a = 664 pm
Then :

Therefore, the ionic radius of the anion 
Answer:
Hydrogen Chloride Gas is heavier than air and sinks to the ground after being released. Firefighters closer to the ground will be subjected to significantly greater concentrations of hydrogen chloride gas than the firefighters walking on top of railcars.
Explanation:
The molar mass of air is 28.97 g/mol. Air is approximately 78% N2, which has a molar mass of 28.014 g/mol and 21% oxygen, which has a molar mass of 32 g/mol; the remaining constituents of air include CO2 and other trace amounts of gases.
The molar mass of HCl is 36.458 g/mol.
Because HCl is heavier than air, it sinks toward the ground, displacing the lighter air.
The height of railway cars is reported to vary between 13.5 ft to 15.5 ft. So firefighters on tank cars are generally above the HCl gas (although localized atmospheric conditions could cause the HCl to move higher up in the air column).
a) Group 2 elements have 2 electrons on their outer shell, so they form a 2+ charge.
b) they lose 2 electrons as they are transferred to the non metal.
c)They obtain this charge as when they are made into an ionic compound the 2 electrons on the outer shell are transferred to the non metal, meaning there are 2 more protons that electrons, giving it a positive charge.
hope this helps! :)