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jek_recluse [69]
3 years ago
5

Consider the dissolution of calcium hydroxide:

Chemistry
1 answer:
Crazy boy [7]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

1. K_eq = [Ca^{2+][OH^-]^2 = K_{sp}

2. a. No effect;

b. Products;

c. Products;

d. Reactants

Explanation:

1. Equilibrium constant might be written using standard guidelines:

  • only aqueous species and gases are included in the equilibrium constant excluding solids and liquids;
  • the constant involves two parts: in the numerator of a fraction we include the product of the concentrations of products;
  • the denominator includes the product of the concentrations of reactants;
  • the concentrations are raised to the power of the coefficients in the balanced chemical equation.

Based on the guidelines, we have two ions on the product side, a solid on the left side. Thus, the equilibrium constant has the following expression:

K_eq = [Ca^{2+][OH^-]^2 = K_{sp}

2. a. In the following problems, we'll be considering the common ion effect. According to the principle of Le Chatelier, an increase in concentration of any of the ions would shift the equilibrium towards the formation of our precipitate.

In this problem, we're adding calcium carbonate. It is insoluble, so it wouldn't have any effect on the equilibrium.

b. Sodium carbonate is completely soluble, it would release carbonate ions. The carbonate ions would combine with calcium cations and more precipitate would dissolve. This would shift the equilibrium towards formation of the products to reproduce the amount of calcium cations.                                      

c. HCl would neutralize calcium hydroxide to produce calcium chloride and water, so the amount of calcium ions would increase, therefore, the products are favored.

d. NaOH contains hydroxide anions, so we'd have a common ion. An increase in hydroxide would produce more precipitate, so our reactants are favored.

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True or false: Nonmetals are good conductors of electricity?
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A sample of nitrogen occupies 10.0 liters at 25°C what would be the new volume at 20°C? 7.9 L Ob 9.8 L 10.2 L 10.6 L
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Answer:

  9.4 liter

Explanation:

1) Data:

V₁ = 10.0 L

T₁ = 25°C = 25 + 273.15 K = 298.15 K

 P₁ = 98.7 Kpa

 T₂ = 20°C = 20 + 273.15 K = 293.15 K

  P₂ = 102.7 KPa

  V₂ = ?

2) Formula:

Used combined law of gases:

  PV / T = constant

  P₁V₁ / T₁ = P₂V₂ / T₂

3) Solution:

Solve the equation for V₂:

  V₂ = P₁V₁ T₂ / (P₂ T₁)

Substitute and compuite:

V₂ = P₁V₁ T₂ / (P₂ T₁)

V₂ = 98.7 KPa × 10.0 L × 293.15 K / (102.7 KPa × 298.15 K)

V₂ =  9.4 liter ← answer

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A frictionless piston cylinder device is subjected to 1.013 bar external pressure. The piston mass is 200 kg, it has an area of
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Answer:

a) T_{2} = 360.955\,K, P_{2} = 138569.171\,Pa\,(1.386\,bar), b) T_{2} =  347.348\,K, V_{2} = 0.14\,m^{3}

Explanation:

a) The ideal gas is experimenting an isocoric process and the following relationship is used:

\frac{T_{1}}{P_{1}} = \frac{T_{2}}{P_{2}}

Final temperature is cleared from this expression:

Q = n\cdot \bar c_{v}\cdot (T_{2}-T_{1})

T_{2} = T_{1} + \frac{Q}{n\cdot \bar c_{v}}

The number of moles of the ideal gas is:

n = \frac{P_{1}\cdot V_{1}}{R_{u}\cdot T_{1}}

n = \frac{\left(101,325\,Pa + \frac{(200\,kg)\cdot (9.807\,\frac{m}{s^{2}} )}{0.15\,m^{2}} \right)\cdot (0.12\,m^{3})}{(8.314\,\frac{Pa\cdot m^{3}}{mol\cdot K} )\cdot (298\,K)}

n = 5.541\,mol

The final temperature is:

T_{2} = 298\,K +\frac{10,500\,J}{(5.541\,mol)\cdot (30.1\,\frac{J}{mol\cdot K} )}

T_{2} = 360.955\,K

The final pressure is:

P_{2} = \frac{T_{2}}{T_{1}}\cdot P_{1}

P_{2} = \frac{360.955\,K}{298\,K}\cdot \left(101,325\,Pa + \frac{(200\,kg)\cdot (9.807\,\frac{m}{s^{2}} )}{0.15\,m^{2}}\right)

P_{2} = 138569.171\,Pa\,(1.386\,bar)

b) The ideal gas is experimenting an isobaric process and the following relationship is used:

\frac{T_{1}}{V_{1}} = \frac{T_{2}}{V_{2}}

Final temperature is cleared from this expression:

Q = n\cdot \bar c_{p}\cdot (T_{2}-T_{1})

T_{2} = T_{1} + \frac{Q}{n\cdot \bar c_{p}}

T_{2} = 298\,K +\frac{10,500\,J}{(5.541\,mol)\cdot (38.4\,\frac{J}{mol\cdot K} )}

T_{2} =  347.348\,K

The final volume is:

V_{2} = \frac{T_{2}}{T_{1}}\cdot V_{1}

V_{2} = \frac{347.348\,K}{298\,K}\cdot (0.12\,m^{3})

V_{2} = 0.14\,m^{3}

4 0
3 years ago
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