Experimental errors occurs in the execution of experiment design. Example of experimental errors are mistakes in data entry, systematic error, and random error caused by environmental conditions. Did you even heard about type I and type II error? Because that may be the 2 ways you are looking for.
A false positive is called a Type I error, and it is the type of error that incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis in the favor of the alternatives.
A false negative is what you called Type II error, it is the opposite of type I error and it is the false acceptance of the null hypothesis. A type II errors are not seen to be as problematic as type I error, type I error is more serious than type II error, because you have wrongly rejected the null hypothesis.
Answer:
To defend against pathogens
Explanation:
C. They come from energy sources that never run out.
<span>In the 19th century, scientists realized that gases in the atmosphere cause a "greenhouse effect" which affects the planet's temperature. These scientists were interested chiefly in the possibility that a lower level of carbon dioxide gas might explain the ice ages of the distant past. At the turn of the century, Svante Arrhenius calculated that emissions from human industry might someday bring a global warming. Other scientists dismissed his idea as faulty. In 1938, G.S. Callendar argued that the level of carbon dioxide was climbing and raising global temperature, but most scientists found his arguments implausible. It was almost by chance that a few researchers in the 1950s discovered that global warming truly was possible. In the early 1960s, C.D. Keeling measured the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere: it was rising fast. Researchers began to take an interest, struggling to understand how the level of carbon dioxide had changed in the past, and how the level was influenced by chemical and biological forces. They found that the gas plays a crucial role in climate change, so that the rising level could gravely affect our future. (This essay covers only developments relating directly to carbon dioxide, with a separate essay for Other Greenhouse Gases. Theories are discussed in the essay on Simple Models of Climate.)</span>
Given is the specific heat of water equal to 4.18 Joule per gram per *C.
This means to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degree Celsius we need 4.18 joule of energy.
Now, look at the question. We are asked that how much amount of energy would be required to raise the temperature of 25 g of water by (54-50) = 4 degree celsius.
To do so we have formula
Q = m C (temperature difference)
Have a look at pic for answer
