c.) increased glucose uptake to the liver from blood
Explanation:
During stressful conditions such as facing a mugger, the sympathetic system of the autonomic nervous system is activated. There is a release of stress hormones from the adrenal glands to produce the flight or fight response. One of the physiological events occurring during these conditions is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose in liver cells and the release of glucose into the blood. The release of glucose by the liver increases blood glucose levels. This is done to ensure glucose availability as fuel. There is no uptake of glucose from the liver cells under such emergency conditions.
According to the question, mating between two populations of Rhagoletis produce hybrid flies.
This means that the two population is present in the same habitat or locality, hence they are capable of coming in contact with each other and mate. Hence, the answer cannot be Habitat Isolation.
Mating produces hybrid flies. This is possible when the gametes (egg and sperm) of the two different populations are capable of capable of coming close to each other and undergoing fusion (fertilization). Hence, there is no Mechanical Isolation.
The zygote formed by the above fertilization is capable of developing into healthy hybrid flies with normal life span. Hence, Pre-zygotic Isolation is absent.
But the hybrid flies formed are sterile and not fertile, that is, they are incapable of producing viable gametes which can undergo fertilization and produce a new offspring.Therefore, the eggs laid by the hybrid flies hatch less often. Hence, there is existence of Reduced hybrid fertility.
