When electrons do not return to the photosystems, it is because of a process known as oxygenic photophosphorylation, a process that is key to photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants get their energy. This process involves many steps taken in order to turn energy from light, into sugar and molecular energy known as ATP, needed for plants to survive. This process uses a variety of important and complex steps, among which is included oxygenic photophosphorylation.
Oxygenic photophosphorylation is one of the key processes to photosynthesis. It involves the use of photosystems <u>one </u>and <u>three</u>, located in the thylakoid membrane of plant cells, in order to produce NADPH and ATP. These systems enter a state of photoactivation, releasing an electron to be carried by the NADPH molecule towards the Calvin cycle where the electron can be placed onto a carbon atom, for long-term storage, often as a carbohydrate.
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The action potential spreads through an axon by depolarizing adjacent membrane to threshold.
- K+ departs the cell after Na+, which enters the cell first. Ions can move freely across the axon membrane because of the difference during the action potential.
- Because sodium contains a positive charge, the neuron becomes more positive and depolarized. Potassium channels take longer to open. As soon as the cell does open, K+ rushes out, reversing the depolarization known as repolarization.
- Sodium channels close during the peak of the action potential when potassium leaves the cell. When potassium ions are effluxed, the membrane potential is lowered or the cell becomes hyperpolarized.
- Outside of the cell, the concentration of Na+ is greater than inside the cell. while the concentration of K+ is is greater inside the cell than outside.
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Thin coat , becaus eit protects from temperature
The base pairs are put into different orders and these orders code for different amino acids.