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Answer:
OH, H2O2 and O−2
Explanation:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be defined as highly reactive chemical compounds formed from molecular oxygen (O2). ROS are generated as a normal product of cellular metabolism, and also as a response to different environmental/internal cellular stimuli (e.g., cytokines, xenobiotics, pathogenic invasion). For example, hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are a type of ROS generated in the mitochondria which are capable of inducing oxidative stress in different cells and also trigger chronic inflammation. Moreover, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) molecules represent another type of ROS which are produced during the stereoselective deamination of amino acids, i.e., the building blocks of proteins. These molecules (H2O2) exhibit toxic effects on the cell (e.g., DNA damage). Finally, singlet oxygen (1O2) is an excited state of molecular oxygen (O2) that is generated during photosynthesis in the photosystem II (PSII) of chloroplasts.
Answer:
This question is incomplete as it lacks options. However, it can be answered based on general knowledge of the DNA structure.
Hydrogen bonds in a DNA are located between the nucleotides that holds the double stranded DNA molecules.
Explanation:
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic material in living cells. The DNA molecule is made up of nucleotides monomers. However, since the DNA molecule is double-stranded, the nucleotides are of two chains composed of four nucleotide subunits viz: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C).
The two chains of nucleotides in a DNA molecule are called strands. Each strand is bonded to one another by the nucleotides using complementary base pairing i.e. A-T, G-C. The bonds between the nucleotidew of each strand is called HYDROGEN BOND.
Hence, HYDROGEN BONDS in a DNA molecule is located in between two nucleotides of each strand. That is, hydrogen bond holds Adenine to Thymine and Guanine to Cytosine.
