Answer:
Risk assessment, Input validation and Output validation.
Explanation:
Software development life cycle, SDLC, is a systematic process a software being created must pass through or follow, from the stage of conception to death of the application.
There are various processes that occurs at the beginning of SDLC, a few of the activities are risk management, input and output validation.
Risk management is used to determine the feasibility, usefulness and profitability to cost of the software before development. The input and output validation is for security control access to the data of the software.