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salantis [7]
3 years ago
15

Commonwealth Construction (CC) needs $1 million of assets to get started, and it expects to have a basic earning power ratio of

20%. CC will own no securities, so all of its income will be operating income. If it so chooses, CC can finance up to 30% of its assets with debt, which will have an 11% interest rate. If it chooses to use debt, the firm will finance using only debt and common equity, so no preferred stock will be used. Assuming a 35% tax rate on all taxable income, what is the difference between CC's expected ROE if it finances these assets with 30% debt versus its expected ROE if it finances these assets entirely with common stock?
Business
1 answer:
xeze [42]3 years ago
4 0
100%Equity 
<span>---------------------------- </span>
<span>EBIT: $200,000 </span>
<span>Interest: $0 </span>
<span>Taxes: ($80,000) </span>
<span>EAT: $120,000 </span>
<span>Equity: $1,000,000 </span>
<span>ROE12.0% </span>

<span>50% Debt </span>
<span>-------------- </span>
<span>EBIT: $200,000 </span>
<span>Interest: ($40,000) </span>
<span>Taxes: ($64,000) </span>
<span>EAT: $96,000 </span>
<span>Equity: $500,000 </span>
<span>ROE: 19.2% </span>

<span>This is my thought and is contingent on interest expense being tax deductible to the corporation. </span>

<span>Under the equity scenario. Taxes are $80,000 or 40% of $200,000 which is 20% of the $1mm asset base. So the $120,000 earnings after tax divided by the $1mm base is 12% </span>

<span>With 50% leverage, you deduct $40,000 (8% of $500,000 financing) and taxes on remaining amount. The new equity base is smaller at $500,000 so the ROE is higher at 19.2%.</span>
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Under absorption costing, fixed manufacturing overhead is expensed at the time the units are produced. Under variable costing, f
ladessa [460]

Answer:

A. True

Explanation:

In the case of absorption costing, the fixed manufacturing overhead should be incurred at the time when the units are generated or produced. While on the other hand, in the case of variable costing the fixed manufacturing overhead should be incurred at the time when the units are sold

Therefore the given statement is true

Hence, the correct option is a.

4 0
3 years ago
Personal Finance<br> What is a motive?
AleksAgata [21]
Motive is the reason behind the demand which in most cases is either money or quality 
8 0
3 years ago
April runs a small shop where she provides a service. She is able to process an average of 11 customers per hour. An average of
professor190 [17]

Answer:

5. Po= 0.36

6. Pn = 0.04

7. 0.16

8. 1.11

9. 1.75

10. 9.9

Explanation:

5. Computation for the probability that April will not be working with a customer

Using this formula

Po=1-(Average number of arrival per hour/Average number of customer served per hour)

Let plug in the formula

Po= 1-(7/11 )

Po=1-0.64

Po= 0.36

Therefore the probability that April will not be working with a customer will be 0.36

6. Calculation for the probability of 5 customers in the system

Using this formula

Pn= (Average number of arrival per hour/Average number of customer served per hour)* Po

Let plug in the formula

Pn= (7/11)^5* 0.36

Pn=0.104358*0.36

Pn=0.037

Pn = 0.04 (Approximately)

Therefore the probability of 5 customers in the system will be 0.04

7. Calculation for the average time a customer spends waiting in line

Time spend Waiting in line=7^2/11(11 – 7) /7

Time spend Waiting in line=(49/44)/7

Time spend Waiting in line = 1.11/7

Time spend Waiting in line= 0.16

Therefore the average time a customer spends waiting in line will be 0.16

8. Calculation for the average number of customers waiting in line

Customers waiting in line = 7^2/11(11 – 7)

Customers waiting in line=49/44

Customers waiting in line= 1.11

Therefore the average number of customers waiting in line will be 1.11

9. Calculation for the average number of customers in the system

Average customers in the system= 1.11 +(7/11)

Average customers in the system= 1.11 +0.64

Average customers in the system = 1.75

Therefore the average number of customers in the system will be 1.75

10. Calculation for the arrival rate in order for April to stay that busy

Arrival rate = 0.9 * 11

Arrival rate = 9.9

Therefore the arrival rate in order for April to stay that busy will be 9.9

4 0
3 years ago
Suppose the spot exchange rate for the Canadian dollar is Can$1.12 and the six-month forward rate is Can$1.14.
andreyandreev [35.5K]

Answer:

Explanation:

Given that:

a)

1$ = Can $1.12

It takes a value of 1 U.S dollar to have 1.12 Canadian dollars.  This signifies that the U.S dollar is worth more than Canadian dollars.

b)

Assuming that the absolute Purchasing Power Parity PPP holds,

Since 1$ = Can $1.12, the cost  in the United States of an Elkhead beer, if the price in Canada is Can$2.85 can be determined to be:

= \dfrac{2.85}{1.12}

= $2.545

c)

Yes, the U.S. dollar is selling at a premium relative to the Canadian dollar.

This is because we are being told that the spot exchange rate for the Canadian dollar is Can $1.12 & in six (6) months time the forward rate will be Can $1.14.

d)

The U.S dollar is expected to appreciate in value because it is trading at a premium in the forward market.

e)

Canada has higher interest rates. This determined by using the formula:

= \dfrac{(\dfrac{Fwd}{Spot }-1)}{n}

where; n= numbers of years = 6 month/12 month = 0.5 year

Then;

=\dfrac{(\dfrac{1.14}{1.12 }-1)}{0.5}

= \dfrac{(1.0178-1)}{0.5}

= \dfrac{(0.0178)}{0.5}

= 0.0356

= 3.56%

6 0
3 years ago
On January 1, 2021, the general ledger of TNT Fireworks includes the following account balances:
ivolga24 [154]

Answer:

TNT Fireworks

1. Adjusting Entries on January 31:

Accounts                              Debit         Credit

a. Depreciation Expense     $375

Accumulated Depreciation                $375

b. Uncollectible Expense   $5,620

Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts $5,620

c. Accrued interest revenue $120

Interest Revenue                                 $120

d. Salaries Expense           $34,000

Salaries payable                                 $34,000

e. Income Tax Expense     $10,400

Income tax payable                            $10,400

2. Adjusted Trial Balance as of January 31, 2021:

Accounts                              Debit         Credit

Cash                                   $ 2,600

Accounts Receivable       238,400

Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts $9,220

Inventory                            12,600

Notes Receivable

(5%, due in 2 years)        28,800

Land                                169,000

Equipment                       20,900

Accumulated Depreciation                      375

Depreciation Expense         375

Salaries Expense           65,200

Utilities Expense             17,900

Income Tax Expense     10,400

Uncollectible Expense   5,620

Accounts Payable                             102,200

Salaries Payable                                34,000

Income Taxes Payable                      10,400

Common Stock                              234,000

Retained Earnings                           69,600

Sales Revenue                              234,000

Interest Revenue                                  120

Accrued Interest

Receivable                      120

Cost of Goods Sold 122,000

Total                      $693,925  $693,915

3. Multi-step Income Statement for the period ended January 31, 2021:

Sales Revenue                              234,000

Cost of goods sold                        122,000

Gross profit                                  $112,000

Interest Revenue                                 120

Total revenue                              $112,120

Depreciation Expense         375

Salaries Expense           65,200

Utilities Expense             17,900

Uncollectible Expense   5,620  $89,095

Income before tax                      $23,025

Income Tax Expense                    10,400

Net Income                                 $12,625

Retained Earnings, January 1     69,600

Retained Earnings, January 31 $82,225

4. Classified Balance Sheet as of January 31, 2021:

Assets:

Cash                                                   $ 2,600

Accounts Receivable       238,400

Uncollectible Accounts       9,220   229,180

Accrued Interest Receivable                   120

Inventory                                             12,600

Current assets                              $244,500

Notes Receivable

(5%, due in 2 years)         28,800

Land                                  169,000

Equipment            20,900

Accumulated Dep.     375 20,525  218,325

Total assets                                  $462,825

Liabilities:

Accounts Payable           102,200

Salaries Payable               34,000

Income Taxes Payable     10,400 $146,600

Equity:

Common Stock             234,000

Retained Earnings          82,225  $316,225

Total liabilities and Equity           $462,825

5. Closing Journal Entries:

Accounts                              Debit         Credit

Income Summary             $221,495

Depreciation Expense                                  375

Salaries Expense                                    65,200

Utilities Expense                                      17,900

Income Tax Expense                              10,400

Uncollectible Expense                             5,620

Cost of Goods Sold                             122,000

To close temporary accounts to the income summary.

Sales Revenue                 234,000

Interest Revenue                     120

Income Summary                              $234,120

To close temporary accounts to the income summary.

Cash                                   $ 2,600

Accounts Receivable       238,400

Inventory                             12,600

Notes Receivable

(5%, due in 2 years)         28,800

Accrued Interest

Receivable                             120

Land                                169,000

Equipment                       20,900

Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts $9,220

Accumulated Depreciation                        375

Accounts Payable                               102,200

Salaries Payable                                   34,000

Income Taxes Payable                         10,400

Common Stock                                 234,000

Retained Earnings                              82,225

To close permanent accounts to the balance sheet.

Explanation:

a) Data and Calculations:

Accounts                              Debit         Credit

Cash                                 $ 60,100

Accounts Receivable         27,800

Allowance for

 Uncollectible Accounts                       $ 3,600

Inventory                            37,700

Notes Receivable

 (5%, due in 2 years)        28,800

Land                                 169,000

Accounts Payable                                  16,200

Common Stock                                   234,000

Retained Earnings                                69,600

Totals                          $ 323,400   $ 323,400

See workings attached.

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8 0
3 years ago
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