Question

Indicate the types of forces that are involved between the solute and solvent when forming a homogeneous solution between CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 and CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3.

Answer 1

$\boxed{{\text{Dispersion forces}}}$  exist between ${\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}$  and ${\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}$  when both form a homogeneous mixture.

Further Explanation:

Intermolecular forces:

These are the forces that exist between the molecules. These include both attractive and repulsive forces. They are electrostatic in nature and determine the bulk properties of the substances like melting and boiling points. These forces are responsible to hold the molecules together in the substances.

Types of intermolecular forces:

1. Hydrogen bonding:

The attractive force that exists between hydrogen and more electronegative elements like N, O, F is called hydrogen bonding. It is further classified as intermolecular and intramolecular. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding occurs between different molecules. For example, the bond between HF and ${{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}$  is an intermolecular hydrogen bond. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding occurs between various parts of the same molecule. Ortho-nitro phenol and salicylaldehyde show this type of bonding.

2. Ion-dipole forces:

The force of attraction between an ion and a molecule consisting of a dipole is known as ion-dipole forces. The force between ${\text{N}}{{\text{a}}^ + }$  and water molecule is an example of this force.

3. Ion-induced dipole forces:

The attractive force that occurs between an ion and a non-polar molecule is called ion-induced dipole force. A dipole is induced in the molecule and therefore this force is called so. It results in ion-induced dipole force. The bond between ${\text{F}}{{\text{e}}^{2 + }}$  and oxygen molecule is an example of such kind of bond.

4. Dispersion forces:

These forces are also known as London dispersion forces, van der Waals forces, instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces. These forces exist between atoms and molecules. This type of force is observed in halogens, noble gases, and non-polar molecules.

${\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}$  and ${\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_3}$  both are hydrocarbons that are non-polar molecules. So only dispersion forces exist between these two molecules when a homogeneous mixture is formed between the two.

Learn more:

1. Number of covalent bonds formed by nitrogen: brainly.com/question/6029316

2. Which pair will form a covalent bond?: brainly.com/question/1126757

Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Ionic and covalent bonding

Keywords: Intermolecular forces, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3, hydrogen bonding, dispersion forces, non-polar, hydrocarbon, atoms, molecules, F, O, N, ion-induced dipole forces, ion-dipole forces.

Answer 2

Answer:

London dispersion forces

Explanation:

Intermolecular forces are the forces that facilitate interaction between solute and solvent molecules and thereby impact their solubility. These forces are broadly classified into four types arranged below from the strongest to the weakest:

1) Ionic > 2) Hydrogen bonding >3) Dipole-dipole >4) London dispersion

The hydrocarbons n-pentane $CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}CH_{2}CH_{3}$ and n--hexane $CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}CH_{2}CH_{2}CH_{3}$ are non-polar molecules. Therefore the only type of interaction that exists between them when forming a homogeneous solution are the weak london dispersion forces.