Answer:
Let coefficient of linear and area expansion be α a n d β respectively. where ∆ T is change in temperature. For simplicity let us consider the case of square of side L. Therefore, coefficient of area expansion is twice the linear expansion.
Hot spot volcanism is the hot mass of rising heat!
Weathering is described as a passive agent of landform development because it is not directly affecting it.
The one that directly affect the landform are wind, water movement, and tectonic activities. Weathering only affect the formation of these factors.