Damage to cell membrane can also lead to leakage of important cell constituents required for various metabolism of the cell. There can also be imbalance of electrolyte concentration in the cell which could lead to damage of proteins and organelles of the cell.
Through a cut or an injury where any skin has been broken.
An infection through an animal's bite or sting.(Like the West Nile Virus which spreads though mosquito bite, or Rabies though an infected mammal's bite).
Can be inhaled or consumed and go from the lungs into the other organs causing harm internally.
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is considered a cellular correlate of learning and memory. The presence of G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K(+) (GIRK) channels near excitatory synapses on dendritic spines suggests their possible involvement in synaptic plasticity. However, whether activity-dependent regulation of channels affects excitatory synaptic plasticity is unknown. In a companion article we have reported activity-dependent regulation of GIRK channel density in cultured hippocampal neurons that requires activity oF receptors (NMDAR) and protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) and takes place within 15 min. In this study, we performed whole-cell recordings of cultured hippocampal neurons and found that NMDAR activation increases basal GIRK current and GIRK channel activation mediated by adenosine A(1) receptors, but not GABA(B) receptors. Given the similar involvement of NMDARs, adenosine receptors, and PP1 in depotentiation of LTP caused by low-frequency stimulation that immediately follows LTP-inducing high-frequency stimulation, we wondered whether NMDAR-induced increase in GIRK channel surface density and current may contribute to the molecular mechanisms underlying this specific depotentiation. Remarkably, GIRK2 null mutation or GIRK channel blockade abolishes depotentiation of LTP, demonstrating that GIRK channels are critical for depotentiation, one form of excitatory synaptic plasticity.
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Answer: C. On a sloped parking lot
Surface runoff can be referred as the flow of water, that occurs when the excess water flows from the storm water, melt water, flood, rain streams and rain fall. The fast moving water current takes along with it superficial layers like surface and sub- surface layers of soil. Hence, causes water erosion of soil.
The slope parking lot will favor, surface runoff more likely than in a grassy prairie, mulched flower bed, or in a sand pit because the slope will provide a surface for free flow of water. There are chances that water gets absorbed by the soil in the grassy prairie, mulched flower bed and sand pit. Whereas the slopy surface of parking lot will not allow the water retention by soil, instead will accelerate the flow of water.
Answer:
c. because arteries carry high pressure blood from the heart
Explanation:
Arteries carry the oxygenated blood that is pumped directly from the left ventricle of the heart. Since they receive blood from the heart, the blood pressure is higher in arteries than veins. To withstand the higher pressure of blood pumped by heart, arteries have thicker walls than the walls of veins.
