The 3Rs by Russell and Burch are known to be the "alternative methods" to improve the treatment of laboratory animals, at the same time to advance the quality of science that uses animals for studies.
The 3Rs are Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement. Replacement is defined as minimizing the pain and suffering of the animals used in research. Reduction is for reducing the number of animals being used, and using healthier animals. Replacement is using alternative to animals such as tissue cultures and computer models.
Answer:
Jimmy’s behavior is being controlled by <u>negative reinforcement</u>.
Explanation:
Jimmy does not expect a reward after taking out the garbage. All he wants is to stop his uncle from nagging. This characterizes negative reinforcement, which is the type of reinforcement that happens when a behavior is strengthened by the desire to avoid or stop a negative outcome or aversive stimulus. Jimmy will be more likely to take out the garbage in the future (behavior) to avoid his uncle's constant requests (aversive stimulus).
<span>This is a false statement. It was considered to be a supplemental source of income to people who had recently retired from their jobs. Regular monthly benefits did not take effect for workers until early in 1940, and these benefits were expanded to include the worker's spouse and children.</span>
Governments typically establish population policies for all of the following reasons except "<span>C. to lower the standard of living for all citizens," since this would not be in the best interest of any group. </span>
