Answer:
The radius r of the metal sphere.
Explanation:
From Gauss's law we know that for a spherical charge distribution with charge 
, the electrical field at distance 
from the center of the sphere is given by
What is important to notice here is that the radius of the sphere does not matter because any test charge sitting at distance feels the force as if all the charge were sitting at the center of the sphere.
This situation is analogous to the gravitational field. When calculating gravitational force due to a body like the sun or the earth, we take not of only the mass of the sun and the distance from it's center; the sun's radius does not matter because we assume all of its mass to be concentrated at the center.
Answer:
This is because the age of the universe is determined by the pace of expansion in the past, and each model forecasts a different pace.
Explanation:
The age of the universe is determined by the pace of expansion in the past, and each model forecasts a different pace.
This is due to the fact that the expansion rate in the coasting model is constant and never changes. Because the cosmos is growing faster now than during the old days, recollapsing and critical models give shorter ages. According to the accelerating model, the universe is growing at a slower rate currently than in the past, implying an older age.
Answer:
3.70242 nm
Explanation:
Using Compton effect formula
Δλ = ( h / mec) ( 1 - cosθ)
where h is planck constant = 6.62607 × 10 ⁻³⁴ m²kg/s
me, mass of an electron = 9.11 × 10⁻³¹ kg
c is the speed of light = 3 × 10⁸ m/s
Δλ = 6.62607 × 10 ⁻³⁴ m²kg/s / (9.11 × 10⁻³¹ kg × 3 × 10⁸ m/s ) ( 1 - cos 90°) = 0.242 × 10 ⁻¹¹ m = 2.42 × 10⁻¹² m = 0.00242 nm
modified wavelength = 3.7 nm + 0.00242 nm = 3.70242 nm
