Answer:
Explanation:
An antimicrobial agent is a natural or synthetic chemical that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms. Bacteria have a mechanism of transferring genomic material called <em>horizontal gene transfer</em><em>, the movement of genes between cells that are not direct descendants of one another</em>. Horizontal gene transfer allows cells to quickly acquire new characteristics and drives metabolic diversity. <u>One of the characteristics usually acquired is the resistance to antibiotics</u>.
Three mechanisms of genetic exchange are known in prokaryotes:
(1) transformation, in which free DNA released from one cell is taken up by another; (2) transduction, in which DNA transfer is mediated by a virus; and (3) conjugation, in which DNA transfer requires cell-to-cell contact and a conjugative plasmid in the donor cell.
Examples of genes transferred by transducing bacteriophages include multiple antibiotic resistance genes among strains of <em>Salmonella enterica </em>serovar <em>Typhimurium</em>, Shiga-like toxin genes in <em>Escherichia coli</em>, virulence factors in <em>Vibrio cholerae</em>, and genes encoding photosynthetic proteins in cyanobacteria.
Conjugative plasmids use a mechanism to transfer copies of themselves and the genes they encode, such as those for antibiotic resistance, to new host cells.
<span>The
most important estrogen is estradiol and the most important androgen is
testosterone.</span>
Testosterone
is the primary steroid male sex hormone. Its function is to control the development
of male reproductive tissues, to promote secondary sexual characteristics to
maintain health (the prevention of osteoporosis for example). It is synthesized
from cholesterol and it achieves its effects by binding to androgen receptors
on different tissues.
It has a Higher concentration
They react to external factors like light, temperature etc
They both rely on other organisms for food. In other words, they are consumers. They both somehow "hunt" for food, with carnivores exerting more effort as majority of their food sources will be running away from them, thus more effort is needed compared to the herbivores.