Carbon dioxide makes up approximately 0.04% of Earth's atmosphere. If you collect a 2.9 L sample from the atmosphere at sea leve
1 answer:
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a) Total power output:
b) The relative percentage change of power output is 1.67%
c) The intensity of the radiation on Mars is
Explanation:
a)
The intensity of electromagnetic radiation is given by
where
P is the power output
A is the surface area considered
In this problem, we have
is the intensity of the solar radiation at the Earth
The area to be considered is area of a sphere of radius
(distance Earth-Sun)
Therefore
And now, using the first equation, we can find the total power output of the Sun:
b)
The energy of the solar radiation is directly proportional to its frequency, given the relationship
where E is the energy, h is the Planck's constant, f is the frequency.
Also, the power output of the Sun is directly proportional to the energy,
where t is the time.
This means that the power output is proportional to the frequency:
Here the frequency increases by 1 MHz: the original frequency was
so the relative percentage change in frequency is
And therefore, the power also increases by 1.67 %.
c)
In this second case, we have to calculate the new power output of the Sun:
Now we want to calculate the intensity of the radiation measured on Mars. Mars is 60% farther from the Sun than the Earth, so its distance from the Sun is
Now we can find the radiation intensity with the equation
Where the area is
And substituting,
Learn more about electromagnetic radiation:
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Answer:
a) m = 69.0 kg
b) release some gas in the opposite direction to the astronaut's movement
Explanation:
a) Let's use Newton's second law
F = m a
m = F / a
m = 60.0 / 0.870
m = 69.0 kg
b) when we exert a force on the astronaut it acquires a momentum po, as the astronaut system plus spacecraft is isolated, the momentum is conserved
p₀ = p_f
m v = M v '
v ’=
so we see that the ship is moving backwards, but since the mass of the ship is much greater than the mass of the astronaut, the speed of the ship is very small.
One method to avoid this effect is to release some gas in the opposite direction to the astronaut's movement so that the initial momentum of the astronaut plus the gas is zero and therefore no movement is created in the spacecraft.