A larger, biologically active protein complex is created when two or more protein subunits come together to form a quaternary structure.
A protein's quaternary structure is formed when several protein chains or subunits come together in a compact configuration. There are separate primary, secondary, and tertiary structures for each of the subunits. Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces between nonpolar side chains hold the subunits together.
For a quaternary structure to function as a whole, the subunits must be arranged in a particular way. Any change to the subunits' structure or how they are linked results in noticeable adjustments in biological activity.
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Explanation:
Cholera, caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, is very rare in the U.S. Cholera was common domestically in the 1800s but water-related spread has been eliminated by modern water and sewage treatment systems.
Answer:
Electrical stimulation of the cell is depolarization, and electrical relaxation of cells is repolarization.
Explanation:
The electrical activity of the cell depends on the charges distributed on each side of its membrane, which depends on the presence of ions on each side, extracellular sodium and intracellular potassium.
A cell, like the neuron, at rest has a tendency to be negatively charged in its cytoplasm, while the extracellular space has a positive charge.
- Depolarization of a cell occurs by opening the sodium channels, allowing this ion to enter the cell, resulting in a difference in transmembrane potential. It is electrical stimulation of the cell.
- If the potential difference is maintained and reaches the umbral level, it produces an action potential, which in cells such as the neuron produces an electrical stimulus and in the muscle cell a contraction.
- Repolarization means the opening of potassium channels, the exit of this ion to the extracellular space and the return of the cell to rest.
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insulators do not allow heat flow easily & conductors allow heat to flow easily
The ultimate responsibility of CNS is to to convert sensory inputs into electrical signals called nerve impulse to be transmitted to the brain.
<h3>What is central nervous system?</h3>
The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system (CNS). It is one of two parts of the nervous system. The other component is the peripheral nervous system, which is made up of nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. The central nervous system is the body's processing center.
The CNS's three broad functions are to receive sensory information, process information, and send out motor signals. It combines information from the entire body and coordinates activity throughout the entire organism.
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