Methods or procedures that are used to study living things.
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer:
Explanation:
porque una persona con dos alelos normales presentará un fenotipo normal, mientras que si las dos copias del gen son el alelo mutado que producen una enfermedad, el fenotipo expresará los síntomas característicos de esa enfermedad.
 
        
             
        
        
        
A bacterial infection of the periodontium that causes rapid attatchment loss and poor response to periodontal therapy has a grade of Aggressive periodontal disease
<h3>Periodontium </h3>
The cementum, gingiva, periodontal ligament (PDL), and alveolar bone make up the complex structure known as the periodontium. The periodontium's main purposes are to protect the underlying structures of the tooth from the oral microflora and to enable the tooth to connect to the bone.
An orthokeratinized or parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium makes up the gingival epithelium. The gingiva, which has connective tissue and epithelial components, covers the supracrestal root surface and the alveolar bone. As it lines the gingival sulcus close to the tooth surface (enamel or cementum) and subsequently joins to it with hemidesmosomes, the gingival (oral) epithelium develops into the sulcular epithelium and junctional epithelium.
Learn more about periodontium here:
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Answer:
Blood clothing is an example of positive feedback.
This type of feedback mechanism is useful to the body because it multiplies the factor that intervenes in clotting accelerating the process. 
If a toxin affects the molecules that signal for platelets the feedback will not be effective enough to produce clotting and the body will keep bleeding.
Explanation:
 Blood clotting is an example of positive feedback due to the fact that when the vascular endothelium is damaged  platelets will go to this area and activate themselves once they are in contact with the collagen fibers of the damaged structure. When the platelets are activated they will release the contents that is stored in their granules. One of the contents is a Gq-linked protein receptor cascade,  that will increase the concentration of calcium in the platelets. Calcium activates protein kinase C, which, in turn, activates phospholipase A2 (PLA2). PLA2  will modifies  an  integrin membrane  increasing its affinity to bind fibrinogen. The activated platelets change their  shape , and the fibrinogen cross-links with the integrin membrane aiding  in  the aggregation of adjacent platelets. After this the coagulation cascade takes place. there are two pathways the extrinsic  and the extrinsic one.
The extrinsic pathway will be activated due to tissular factor released  by the platelets and the intrinsic pathway will be activated due to endothelial collagen. The final product of both pathways is factor x.
Factor x will transform prothrombin into thrombin will activate the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin. Thrombin will form a net of fibrin that will the clot.
A cascade reaction is useful because every component of the cascade are related making a quick reaction once that one of then is activated and can activate other or more factors.
If a toxin affects the molecules that signals for platelets, platelets will not go to the damaged area and in consequence there will not be thrombin and fibrin to form the clot together with platelets.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
The predicted genotype of the offspring is GgRr.
Explanation:
The gray body is dominant over black body. The genotype of gray body is GG and the genotype of black body is gg. Red eyes are dominant over orange eyes. The genotype for red eye is RR whereas the genotype of orange eye is rr.
GGRR is crossed with ggrr, the offspring produced by this cross is GgRr with gray body and red eyes.
GGRR  ×   ggrr
  GgRr.