So in this scenario, we have to consider two things: the plants are super different from each other. Some plants have huge leaves, others have tiny ones-- some plants have really long roots, others barely have them; it is because of these differences that the some plants survive better than others.
Say that at the start, plants are thriving like crazy-- I mean they're everywhere man.
But afterwards, this huge environmental change occurs.
Plants that have bigger leaves lose more water due to a greater rate of transpiration. Plants with shorter roots can't reach the water deep in the soil.
Plants with smaller leaves, and waxier cuticles could protect their water more. Plants with longer roots could get more water.
Basically, all plants that have good traits for drier environments tend to survive more.
Because they tend to survive more-- they could make more baby plants (i.e. greater rate of reproduction)
Because they could make more baby plants, the overall newer generation of plants will have more of these hardy, dry-environment adapted plant traits (i.e. phenotype).
10^{-8} mutations per nucleotide. If there are 100 million nucleotides per haploid genome, there are 200 million nucletides per diploid genome. Six mutations divided by 200 million is 10^{-8}.
The littoral zone is also known as the intertidal zone is the place where the land and sea meet and is found between the low and high tide zones. This diverse marine ecosystem is witnessed along the coastlines globally. It comprises ample nutrients and oxygen and is considered home to numerous species.
The littoral zone is further differentiated into vertical zones, like the spray zone and low tide zone. Spray zone also known as the upper littoral, and is dry in the majority of the time, but sprayed with water at the time of high tides. It gets flooded at the time of extreme high tides and storms.
The low tide zone also is known as the lower littoral zone, is generally found under water and gets exposed when the tide becomes abnormally low. The species in this zone are not well used to extreme temperatures and long duration of dryness.
Some of the common organisms found in both spray and low tide zones are isopods and limpets.
The correct order of sequence is B-A-C.
Anaphase begins with separation of the duplicated centromeres of each pair of sister chromatids. The daughter chromosomes starts moving toward opposite poles due to the action of the spindle fibres. As this stage chromosomes appear like V or J shape. At the end of anaphase, a complete set of chromosomes has gathered at each pole of the cell.
