How does the choloroplast and mitochondria make enegy: PLEASE HELP:

Use the given relationship to calculate the ionization energy of a thallium atom, given that radiation of 58.4 nm produces elect

Elenna [48]

The ionization energy is 1 × 10^-18 J

<h3>What is ionization energy?</h3>

The ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

We have the following information;

wavelength of the photon = 58.4 nm

Speed of the electron = 2310 × 10^3 m/s

Since;

hv = I + 1/2mv^2

v = c/λ

hc/λ = I + 1/2mv^2

I = hc/λ - 1/2mv^2

I = (6.6 × 10^-34 × 3 × 10^8/58.4 × 10^-9) - (1/2 × 9.11 × 10^-31 × (2310 × 10^3)^2)

I = 1 × 10^-18 J

Learn more about ionization energy: brainly.com/question/16243729

3 0

2 years ago

What is the definition of a solvent

Zolol [24]

Answer:

Solvent is the that part of solution which is present in large proportion and have ability to dissolve the solute.

Explanation:

Definition:

Solvent is the that part of solution which is present in large proportion and have ability to dissolve the solute. In simplest form it is something in which other substance get dissolve. The most widely used solvent is water, other examples are toluene, acetone, ethanol, chloroform etc.

Water is called universal solvent because of high polarity all polar substance are dissolve in it. Hydrogen is less electronegative while oxygen is more electronegative and because of difference in electronegativity hydrogen carry the partial positive charge while oxygen carry partial negative charge.

Water create electrostatic interaction with other polar molecules. The negative end of water attract the positive end of polar molecules and positive end of water attract negative end of polar substance and in this way polar substance get dissolve in it.

Example:

when we stir the sodium chloride into water the cation Na⁺ ions are surrounded by the negative end of water i.e oxygen and anion Cl⁻ is surrounded by the positive end of water i.e hydrogen and in this way all salt is get dissolved.

3 0

3 years ago

How many electrons are in the second energy level of an atom of each element?

alexira [117]

Well they all have 8 electrons But it would be A I hope this is right

7 0

3 years ago

38. A sample of calcium chloride, CaCl2, has a mass of 27.8 g (ref: p.330-340)

MAXImum [283]

Answer:

Explanation:

Given parameters:

Mass of CaCl₂ = 27.8g

Unknown:

Number of CaCl₂ in the compound = ?

Number of Cl⁻ ions in the compound = ?

Solution:

Problem 1:

The mole is the quantitative unit of measuring particles. The mole is defined as the amount of substance. It is usually expressed as:

Number of moles = $\frac{mass}{molar mass}$ (1)

To find the number of moles of CaCl₂, we have been given the mass of CaCl₂ but we don't know the molar mass of the compound yet.

Find the molar mass of CaCl₂ given that atomic mass of Ca is 40g/mol and atomic mass of Cl is 35.5g/mol

Molar mass of CaCl₂ = 40 + 2(35.5) = 111g/mol

Since mass of CaCl₂ is 27.8g, we then substitute in the equation (1):

Number of moles = $\frac{27.8}{111}$ = 0.2505mole

Problem 2:

To find the number of chloride ions present in the compound, we must express the compound in its ionic form:

CaCl₂ ⇄ Ca²⁺ + 2Cl⁻

This is the ionic form of the compound when in aqueous solutions.

In this kind of problem, we solve from the specie with the known parameters. Here, we know the number of moles of CaCl₂. We can use it determine the number of Chloride ions.

From the ionic form, we see that:

1 mole of the known CaCl₂ produced 2 moles of the unknown Cl⁻

0.2505 mole of CaCl₂ will produce (2 x 0.2505)moles of Cl⁻

This gives, 0.5009 mole of Cl⁻ ions in the CaCl₂ compound.

Note: 1 mole of a substance gives 6.02 x 10²³particles

0.5009mole of Cl⁻ will produce 0.5009 x 6.02 x 10²³;

= 3.02 x 10²³ chloride ions are present

8 0

3 years ago

Over the time interval 300 to 400 seconds, the rate of reaction with respect to A is Δ[A]/Δt = 3.7 × 10-5 M/s. Over the same tim

makvit [3.9K]

Change in concentration = (concentration) = concentrationfinal – concentrationinitial
change in time = t = tfinal – tinitial
For instance, as the reaction A + B C progresses, the concentration of C increases. The rate is expressed as the change in the molar concentration of C, [C], during the time interval t. Concentration of C = [C ]
For a specific reaction we need to take into account the stoichiometry; that is, we need the balanced equation. For example, let's express the rate of the following reaction in terms of the concentrations of the individual reactants and products.
2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g)
These concentrations can be monitored experimentally as a function of time. Notice from the balanced equation, that 2 mol NO reacts with 1 mol O2; therefore, the concentration of NO will decrease twice as fast as that of O2.
Since the rates of change of individual reactants and products may differ the convention is to make the reaction rate come out to be the same no matter which reactant or product is used to calculate it. First we divide each concentration change by the coefficient from the balanced equation
Second, a negative sign is inserted before terms involving reactants. The change in NO concentration, [NO], is negative because the concentration of NO decreases with time. Inserting a negative sign in the expression makes the rate of reaction a positive quantity.
For a general equation:
aA + bB cC
the rate can be expressed in terms of any individual reactant or product.
No matter which reactant or product we use, the reaction rate will be positive and have the same value. 1. Write expressions for the rate of the following reaction in terms of each of the reactants and products.
2N2O5(g) 4NO2(g) + O2(g)
Rate of reaction =
2. In the reaction 2NO(g) O2(g) + N2(g)
If the rate of formation of O2 is 0.054 M/s, what is the rate of change of NO concentration?
Average Rate. The average rate of reaction over any time interval is equal to the change in the concentration of a reactant of a product [C] divided by the time interval, t, during which the change occurred.
[A], or

Instantaneous Rate: The slope of the tangent to the curve at any given time or instant when you plot or graph [reactant] vs. time.

5 0

3 years ago