A mutation is a change in a DNA sequence. Mutations can result from DNA copying mistakes made during cell division, exposure to ionizing radiation, exposure to chemicals called mutagens, or infection by viruses. Germ line mutations occur in the eggs and sperm and can be passed on to offspring, while somatic mutations occur in body cells and are not passed on.
Recessive mutations inactivate the affected gene and lead to a loss of function. For instance, recessive mutations may remove part of or all the gene from the chromosome, disrupt expression of the gene, or alter the structure of the encoded protein, thereby altering its function.
The temperature will decrease
Answer:
In the light-dependent reactions, water molecules do not give up electrons easily so the hydrogen ions remain in the thylakoid compartment. The movement of the hydrogen ions back to the stroma is due to the gradient.
The hydrogen ions have energy as they flow down the gradient that takes place due to the chemiosmosis process, oxygen combines and flows or diffuse.
