vaccines are weakened viruses or bacteria that prompt the body to develop antibodies to foght against disease
Oh this one is so cool!
It basically all boils down to Vitamin D! We need this essential vitamin to help our body build hormones and regulate calcium. Our bodies make Vitamin D when we are exposed to the UV rays found in sunlight. But as we all know, too much sunlight isn’t good because these UV rays can harm us. Melanin (the chemical that our bodies produce to darken skin tone and hair color) provides protection from UV rays by absorbing them. However, this means that the more melanin that is produced by someone’s body results in less absorption of UV rays and a decrease in Vitamin D production. But for someone living around the equator or in the tropics that doesn’t matter because there’s lots of sun all the time. So for humans living in these areas where there’s lots of sunlight year round, it’s beneficial to have darker skin to protect from the harm of UV rays. People living in these areas still get plenty of Vitamin D though because of that year round sunshine.
Now what about those who’s skin has less melanin, such as those found in the higher latitudes? Well with less sunlight year round, their bodies had to adapt to be able to get enough Vitamin D. So less melanin is produced by the body in order to absorb the lesser amounts of UV rays to make Vitamin D. Lighter skin is, therefore, more beneficial the farther away you go from the tropics.
So essentially:
Pro of Darker Skin tones
-Protection from harmful UV rays
Con of Darker Skin tones
-Less absorption of UV rays and less production of Vitamin D
Pro of Lighter Skin tones
-Greater absorption of UV rays and more Vitamin D production
Con of Lighter Skin tones
-Less protection from harmful UV rays (resulting in sunburns and, in extreme cases, skin cancer)
This is of course the biology answer. The social impacts of different skin tones is a whole different story that you can ask in the history section.
Answer:
The answer to the first one is B. A mechanism for the evolution of a population to become better adapted to their environment over many generations.
The answer for the second one is C.vestigial
Explanation:
Answer:
Dihybrid cross
Explanation:
The punnet square is often used to solve problems involving two factors which are known as a dihybrid cross.
- Also, the punnet square is used for a single factor and this is known as a monohybrid cross.
- They show all genotypes that can result from crosses.
- A punnet square is used for statistically establishing the likelihood of a set of gene to form and dominate.
- It is made up of a square boxes which holds the genotypes formed.
Dopamine is predominantly engaged in gross, unconsciously occurring motions of the skeletal muscles, which has an impact on motor function.
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that predominantly influences motor control and is involved in large-scale, unintentional skeletal muscle contractions. Dopamine also contributes to emotional reactions. Parkinson's disease is characterized by a dopamine deficit and tremors or uncontrollable quivering motions in the sufferer. Acetylcholine contributes to the speedy transmission of nerve impulses by spilling into the synapse region. Norepinephrine affects arousal maintenance, dreaming, and mood modulation. Serotonin causes sleep, changes sensory perception, regulates temperatures, and plays a role in the regulation of mood.
Learn more about Dopamine
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