The early immune response to HIV-1 infection is likely to be an important factor in determining the clinical course of disease. Recent data indicate that the HIV-1 quasispecies that arise following a mucosal infection are usually derived from a single transmitted virus. Moreover, the finding that the first effective immune responses drive the selection of virus escape mutations provides insight into the earliest immune responses against the transmitted virus and their contributions to the control of acute viraemia. Strong innate and adaptive immune responses occur subsequently but they are too late to eliminate the infection. In this Review, we discuss recent studies on the kinetics and quality of early immune responses to HIV-1 and their implications for developing a successful preventive HIV-1 vaccine.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Chemical digestion occurs when enzymes break apart large molecules into smaller molecules with the help of special protien called enzymes, amylase, protease, lipase, ptylin, etc
Circumpolar. Circumpolar constellations are visible all year round. In the northern hemisphere, the famous circumpolar constellation is Ursa Major (The Big Dipper) which rotates around the North Star Polaris which always stays in the same place.
Answer:
Their parents and their ancestors.
Answer:
I think this is the list right? - Felis catus Sylvilagus audubonii Parus inornatus Euarctos americanus
Explanation:
When two members of the same species (male and female) mate, they produce fertile offspring.
The conclusion that can be drawn from this is that due to the fact that from looking at the scientific names of the animals, there are different genus and species names, there would be no interbreeding between them as they do not belong to the same species.
And if peradventure there is crossbreeding, the union would be unable to produce fertile offspring.
