Any molecule with a negative or a little positive charge is one of the substance that is involved with hydrogen bonding.
<span>Covalent bonds are one of four types of chemical bonds. The other three are ionic bonds, metallic bonds and hydrogen bonds. Each bond type differs in the way atom share electrons. In covalent bonds, two atoms completely share one or more pairs of electrons.</span>
Answer:
a controlled experiment minimizes the effects other than the independent variable
Explanation:
that will increase the reliability of the results
Parasitism; one organism greatly benefits because it has a home and a source of food and it's safe, while the other is at risk due to damage or harm caused by the parasite.
When the ATP synthase enzyme was mutated at the proton binding aspartate residue on the c subunits to alanine, the enzyme would not make ATP in the presence of a proton gradient.
<h3>What do you mean by ATP synthase?</h3>
ATP synthase may be defined as the enzyme which catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate.
When the region of the enzyme ATP synthase was mutated, it changes the outcome. It affects the normal function and properties of the enzyme when there was a mutation.
Therefore, when the ATP synthase enzyme was mutated at the proton binding aspartate residue on the c subunits to alanine, the enzyme would not make ATP in the presence of a proton gradient.
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