Answer:
$$\begin{align*}
P(Y-X=m | Y > X) &= \sum_{k} P(Y-X=m, X=k | Y > X) \\ &= \sum_{k} P(Y-X=m | X=k, Y > X) P(X=k | Y > X) \\ &= \sum_{k} P(Y-k=m | Y > k) P(X=k | Y > X).\end{split}$$
Explanation:
\eqalign{
P(Y-X=m\mid Y\gt X)
&=\sum_kP(Y-X=m,X=k\mid Y\gt X)\cr
&=\sum_kP(Y-X=m\mid X=k,Y\gt X)\,P(X=k\mid Y>X)\cr
&=\sum_kP(Y-k=m\mid Y\gt k)\,P(X=k\mid Y\gt X)\cr
}
P(Y-X=m | Y > X) &= \sum_{k} P(Y-X=m, X=k | Y > X) \\ &= \sum_{k} P(Y-X=m | X=k, Y > X) P(X=k | Y > X) \\ &= \sum_{k} P(Y-k=m | Y > k) P(X=k | Y > X).\end{split}$$
Answer:Yes,266.66 MPa
Explanation:
Given
Yield stress of material =140 MPa
Cross-section of 
Force(F)=8 MN
Therefore stress due to this Force(
)



Since induced stress is greater than Yield stress therefore Plastic deformation occurs
Answer:
a) 199.04 ohms
b) attached in image
c) -0.696dB
Explanation:
We are given:
Fc = 8Khz = 8000hz

a)Using the formula:



R = 199.04 ohms
b) diagram is attached
c) 

At F = 20KHz and Fc= 8KHz we have:


=0.923
|H(F)| in dB = 20log |H(F)|
=20log0.923
= -0.696dB
Answer:
Increases
Explanation:
By inhibiting the motion of dislocations by impurities in a solid solutions, is a strengthening mechanism. In solid solutions it is atomic level strengthening resulting from resistance to dislocation motion. Hence, the strength of the alloys can differ with respect to the precipitate's property. Example, the precipitate is stronger (ability to an obstacle to the dislocation motion) than the matrix and it shows an improvement of strength.
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Hopefully this helped.