Question

Complete the following vocabulary exercise related to the process of translation of mRNA to protein by the ribosome.Match the words in the left-hand column with the appropriate blank in the sentences in the right-hand column.View Available Hint(s)tRNAtranslationinitiationterminationaminoacyl-tRNA synthetase1. The RNA that has an amino acid attached to it, and that binds to the codon on the mRNA, is called a .2. The process, performed by the ribosome, of reading mRNA and synthesizing a protein is called .3. of translation always happens at the start codon of the mRNA.4. Amino acids are attached to tRNA by enzymes called .5. of translation happens when the ribosome hits a stop codon on the mRNA.

Answer 1

Answer:

1. tRNA- The RNA that has an amino acid attached to it, and that binds to the codon on the mRNA.

2. The process, performed by the ribosome, of reading mRNA and synthesizing a protein is called TRANSLATION

3. of translation always happens at the start codon of the mRNA - INITIATION

4. Amino acids are attached to tRNA by enzymes called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

5. of translation happens when the ribosome hits a stop codon on the mRNA - TERMINATION

Explanation:

1. Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a special type of RNA molecule found in the ribosome that matches an mRNA codon with the amino acid it encodes. The tRNA binds to a mRNA codon, reads it using its anticodon, then carries an amino acid (on its amino acid attachment site), specifically the one encoded by the codon it binds to, and adds the amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain.

2. Translation is the second process of protein synthesis, after transcription, which involves the use of the nucleotide sequence in the mRNA to synthesize proteins. It occurs in the cytoplasm (specifically, the ribosomes).

3. Translation begins when a tRNA attaches to the mRNA in the P site of the ribosome. This binding forms an initiation complex. Initiation of translation when the start codon -AUG, is read by the tRNA.

4. When a tRNA binds to and reads the mRNA codon, it becomes attached to the amino acid encoded by that codon. This attachment is done on the amino acid attachment site of the t-shaped tRNA. Enzymes called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase facilitates this attachment of amino acid to tRNA. The joining of tRNA and an amino acid forms an aminoacyl-tRNA and is catalyzed by a specific enzyme called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.

5. The process of translation continues in the ribosome until a stop codon is read by the tRNA. This signals the end of the translation process and causes a release of the polypeptide. This process of translation ending is called TERMINATION. The stop codons are UAA, UGA, UAG.

Answer 2

1. The RNA that has an amino acid attached to it, and that binds to the codon on the mRNA, is called a tRNA.

tRNA are molecules involved in protein synthesis (translation) and those molecules connect codons from mRNA with  the amino acids they encode.tRNA has anticodone that binds to mRNA codone.

2. The process, performed by the ribosome, of reading mRNA and synthesizing a protein is called translation.

Translation is a process of gene expression in which proteins are synthesized (translated from the codons on mRNA).

3. Initiation of translation always happens at the start codon of the mRNA.

Translation process can be divided into three stages: initiation (starting off), elongation (adding amino acids to peptide chain that is going to become protein) and termination (finishing up).

4. Amino acids are attached to tRNA by enzymes called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.

These enzymes are part of the elongation stage of translation and they catalyze the adding of amino acids.

5. Termination of translation happens when the ribosome hits a stop codon on the mRNA.

Termination is the stage in which the finished polypeptide chain (future protein) is released from the ribosome.