Answer:
From the formula of force:

since AB and k are constants:

x is a constant of proportionality
• when force is 4N, separation distance is 1

therefore, equation becomes

when r is doubled, r becomes 2. find F:

Answer:
The wavelength in vacuum is equal to 428.8 nm.
Explanation:
Given that,
The wavelength of light, 
The refractive index of glass, n = 1.51
We need to find the wavelength in vacuum. The relation between wavelength and refractive index is given by :

So, the wavelength in vacuum is equal to 428.8 nm.
To solve this problem we will apply the concepts related to the calculation of the speed of sound, the calculation of the Mach number and finally the calculation of the temperature at the front stagnation point. We will calculate the speed in international units as well as the temperature. With these values we will calculate the speed of the sound and the number of Mach. Finally we will calculate the temperature at the front stagnation point.
The altitude is,

And the velocity can be written as,


From the properties of standard atmosphere at altitude z = 20km temperature is



Velocity of sound at this altitude is



Then the Mach number



So front stagnation temperature



Therefore the temperature at its front stagnation point is 689.87K