Answer: Located within the thermosphere, the ionosphere is made of electrically charged gas particles (ionized). The ionosphere extends from 37 to 190 miles (60-300 km) above the earth's surface. It is divided into three regions or layers; the F-Region, E-Layer, and D-Layer.
Explanation:
Answer:
The correct answer is: do not enter into a plexus and directly connect to the structures they supply.
Explanation:
<u>The </u><u>anterior rami</u><u> of the thoracic spinal nerves </u><u>from T1 to T11</u><u> give birth to the </u><u>intercostal nerves</u>, which are part of the somatic nervous system.
The intercostal nerves supply the thoracic pleura and abdominal peritoneum, and they vary from the anterior rami of the other spinal nerves in that they each take their own path without forming a plexus, <em>directly connecting to the structures they supply</em>.
The intercostal nerves are derived from the somatic nervous system, unlike the autonomic nervous system nerves that innervate the visceral pleura of the thoracic cavity. They can govern muscle contractions and give sensory information about the skin and parietal pleura as a result of this. This explains why damage to the thoracic cavity's interior wall can be felt as a severe discomfort in the damaged area. Damage to the visceral pleura causes a pain that is not localized.
the answer is a because if the model is based on experimental data it wont be good unless it has been tested.
Answer:
The CFTR behaves like a channel for chlorine. Its dysfunction affects both the transport of this ion and other ions and the transport of water, which causes a thickening of secretions, an alteration of mucociliary transport and local defenses, facilitating bacterial colonization and promoting the release of pro-inflammatory mediators in the airway
Explanation:
CFTR is a protein expressed in the epithelial cells of the respiratory system, pancreas, bile ducts, sweat glands and genitourinary system. It is made up of a single chain made up of 1,480 amino acids. It contains 12 hydrophobic regions embedded in the lipid membrane and acts as a channel for chlorine.The highest levels of expression of the CFTR protein are found in serous cells of the submucosal glands of the proximal airway. In them, Cl- is released to the outside. In addition, there are channels for Na +, through which this ion is also secreted in the same direction. These movements cause the displacement of water and also of mucins, originating in the submucosal glands, allowing their presence on the surface of the airway. For all this to occur normally, a basolateral Na + - K + - ATPase cotransporter must function, another basolateral cotransporter formed by Na +, K + and 2 Cl-, which allows the latter to enter the cell, and an apical CFTR channel through which it exits the Cl- of the cell towards the acinar lumen. Na + leaves the cell following Cl- by a paracellular pathway accompanied by water. When CFTR malfunctions, Cl- does not exit through this channel and this implies a decrease in Na + and water in the canalicular lumen, with the consequent thickening of secretions.
