Answer:
38
Explanation:
In eukaryotic cells, the maximum production of ATP molecules generated per glucose molecule during cellular respiration is 38, i.e., 2 ATP molecules from glycolysis, 2 ATP molecules from the Krebs cycle, and 34 ATP molecules from the Electron Transport Chain (ETC). <em>In vivo</em> (i.e., in the cell), this number is not reached because there is an energy cost associated with the movement of pyruvate (CH3COCOO−) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) into the mitochondrial matrix, thereby the predicted yield is approximately 30 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. In aerobic bacteria, aerobic respiration of glucose occurs in the cytoplasm (since bacteria do not contain membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria), and thereby, in this case, it is expected that aerobic respiration using glucose yields 38 ATP per glucose molecule.
Birds, insects, and many reptiles excrete nitrogenous waste in the form of uric acid, which saves water.
Nitrogenous waste in the body tend to form toxic ammonia, which must be excreted. Mammals such as human excrete urea, while birds, reptiles, and some terrestrial invertebrates produce uric acid as waste in the form of a white paste or power. The production of uric acid involves a complex metabolic pathway that is energetically costly in comparison to processing of other nitrogenous wastes such as urea or ammonia, it has the advantages of reducing water loss and, hence, reducing the need for water.
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Adrenaline
Nicotine is a substance that is addictive in nature commonly
found in cigarette, that affect the nervous system by binding to the receptors
in the brain and other part of the body. Atherosclerosis is the loss of
elasticity or thickens of arteries walls. However, nicotine increases the
release of neurotransmitter adrenaline into the blood which subsequently cause
the development of atherosclerosis.
Answer:
Phenotypes are physical attributes. Genotypes are the alleles.
The phenotypes are 75% green peas and 25% yellow peas. This is because the capital G is a dominant allele and green is the dominant attribute and as long as 1 G is present, then the pea will appear green.
The genotypes are 25% GG, 50% Gg, and 25% gg.
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