Answer:
c. both sequential and frustration mechanisms can promote responding during extinction.
Explanation:
Both sequential and frustration theories explain why there is increased resistance to extinction even when there should be extinction. The sequential theory explains that the subject's response increases when zero reward is followed by a reward intermittently so that the subject's memory of nonreward and reward trials boost response. In the same vein the frustration theory explains that a subject's response is increased with the partial reinforcement extinction effect whereby the subject is unable to notice when extinction begins(the discrimination hypothesis) and therefore keeps anticipating reward
This effect is called proactive interference.
Proactive interference (PI) is a type of explanation for why we forget or cannot recall information. The PI effect means that forgetting occurs because old memories interfere with our ability to form memories. An example of the PI effect is when you try to learn or memorize a new phone number, however, phone numbers that already exist in your memory interfere with your learning of the new phone number.
Answer:
Heavy city traffic
Explanation:
Noise pollution is caused by excessive and unwanted sound that causes the sound problem. The high level of heavy traffic, noise and disrupt distract. It affects the deleterious effect on the health and environmental quality. Most of the people think that this is the problem occurring with only those people who are living in big cities.
There are different type of resources that cause noise pollution:
- Traffic and transport
- The constructions noise
- The workplace noise
- Domestic place noise
The jurisdiction over cases involving the American government, the Constitution, federal laws, or disputes between states or between the U.S. authorities and overseas governments lies with the Federal Courts. Hence, Option B is the correct statement.
<h3>What do you mean by Dispute?</h3>
A dispute is a disagreement, argument, or controversy frequently one which offers an upward thrust to a legal proceeding (inclusive of arbitration, mediation, or a lawsuit).
The opposing parties are stated to be adverse to at least one another. To dispute is the corresponding verb.
Hence, The jurisdiction over cases involving the American government, the Constitution, federal laws, or disputes between states or between the U.S. authorities and overseas governments lies with the Federal Courts. Option B is the correct statement.
learn more about Disputes:
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