Confounding variables are stimuli other than independent variables that may affect the outcome of the study and lead to erroneous conclusions. These variables become a factor when researchers are unable to prevent or eliminate them. These variables can make the results found during experiments invalid because they do not reflect the original variables in the experiment or research.
Yes, it might be.
In real life, the ratio of male birth and female birth would not be exactly even since there are factors that could be put in consideration (such as abortion and hereditary diseases)
If it conducted in a simple random sample, the ratio of male and female birth will pretty much even with 99% level of confidence.
Answer:
"Token economy" is the right option.
Explanation:
- A type of behavioral therapy that's used in several psychiatric institutions; residents are associated with good actions with tokens, as well as the coupons can be tried to cash here for extrinsic activities.
- This includes paying for good actions with measurable incentives. The basic principle is to reinforce desired behavior.
Other provided options aren't relevant to the current situation in question. Therefore the answer to the above seems to be the right one.
The correct answer should be B
There are a few ways that this can be done. I will list the ones I know off the top of my head, as this is a broad question. I will be describing this as if the reader is a political scientist so don't take it personally, it's just so you can better understand.
Cherry Picking: Say you want to get a poll. Don't go to an area where there is a majority of the working class. You wan't to go to areas that are high on welfare, stock brokers, corporate etc. You can best find these in big cities like New York, Orlando, so on. That way, when people see the polls, they will look at what are demographic is, giving them the sense that we are popular party.
Fabrication: Don't worry about the legitimacy. Most people just want some sort of facts or explanation, and if we make one up that it is believable for most people, we are good. So long as they don't look at the actual ice caps and the temperature around the world, as far as they know Global Warming is a thing, *cough* I mean, sorry not Global Warming, Climate Change, it's totally different *wink, wink*.
Censorship: So long as no one sees any contradicting evidence to our polls, they are good. Same thing with Climate Change. If however something does come up we need to treat is as if it is absurd. Conspiracy theorist! But even then we need to make sure that it stays away from public eye, and public opinion.
Hope this helps, don't want to keep you waiting much longer.
