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salantis [7]
3 years ago
10

Imagine a player getting ready for a tournament. He has 4 games to play during the day: 9:00 a.M., 11:00 a.M., 1:00 p.M., and 3:

30 p.M. He refuses to wear shorts until temperature rises to at least +5 degrees. Based on a starting temperature of -9 degrees at 6am and an increase in temperature of 2 degrees an hour, when might he be able to change from his pants to shorts? Provide explanations why he can/can't put his shorts on for Game 1, Game 2, Game 3 and Game 4.
Mathematics
1 answer:
Feliz [49]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

by game 3(at 1:00 p.m.)

temperature increases to 5 degrees at 1:00 p.m

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\begin{matrix}1\\1&1\\1&2&1\\1&3&3&1\\1&4&6&4&1\end{bmatrix}

The rows add up to 1,2,4,8,16, respectively. (Notice they're all powers of 2)

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The last problem can be solved with the binomial theorem, but I'll assume you don't take that for granted. You can prove this claim by induction. When n=1,

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(1+x)^k=\dbinom k0+\dbinom k1x+\cdots+\dbinom k{k-1}x^{k-1}+\dbinom kkx^k

Use this to show that it holds for n=k+1.

(1+x)^{k+1}=(1+x)(1+x)^k
(1+x)^{k+1}=(1+x)\left(\dbinom k0+\dbinom k1x+\cdots+\dbinom k{k-1}x^{k-1}+\dbinom kkx^k\right)
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\dbinom k\ell+\dbinom k{\ell+1}=\dfrac{k!}{\ell!(k-\ell)!}+\dfrac{k!}{(\ell+1)!(k-\ell-1)!}
\dbinom k\ell+\dbinom k{\ell+1}=\dfrac{k!(\ell+1)}{(\ell+1)!(k-\ell)!}+\dfrac{k!(k-\ell)}{(\ell+1)!(k-\ell)!}
\dbinom k\ell+\dbinom k{\ell+1}=\dfrac{k!(\ell+1)+k!(k-\ell)}{(\ell+1)!(k-\ell)!}
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(1+x)^{k+1}=1+\dbinom{k+1}1x+\dbinom{k+1}2x^2+\cdots+\dbinom{k+1}{k-1}x^{k-1}+\dbinom{k+1}kx^k+x^{k+1}

and since \dbinom{k+1}0=\dbinom{k+1}{k+1}=1, you have

(1+x)^{k+1}=\dbinom{k+1}0+\dbinom{k+1}1x+\cdots+\dbinom{k+1}kx^k+\dbinom{k+1}{k+1}x^{k+1}

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(1+x)^n=\dbinom n0+\dbinom n1x+\cdots+\dbinom n{n-1}x^{n-1}+\dbinom nnx^n

Setting x=1 gives

(1+1)^n=\dbinom n0+\dbinom n1+\cdots+\dbinom n{n-1}+\dbinom nn=2^n

which agrees with the result obtained for part (c).
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