Bacteriophage, Tail fibers affix to cell wall proteins.
Viral DNA is infuse into host cell. No coating required. Biosynthesis in
cytoplasm, Lysogeny. Host cell is lysed. 2) Animal: Attachment sites are plasma
membrane proteins and glycoproteins. Capsid goes in by receptor-mediated
endocytosis or fusion. Uncoating by enzymatic removal of capsid proteins.
Biosynthesis in nucleus (DNA viruses) or cytoplasm (RNA viruses). Latency; slow
viral infections; cancer. Released thru enveloped virus bud out; nonenveloped
viruses rupture plasma membrane.
An ecosystem is a self supporting system in which there is a flow of materials and energy.
<h3>What is an ecosystem?</h3>
An ecosystem is a self supporting system in which there is a flow of materials and energy.
Let us now see the role of each organism in the small ecosystem.
- flower - producer
- butterfly - primary consumer
- bird - secondary consumer
- earthworm - decomposer
Learn more about ecosystem: brainly.com/question/13979184
Astrocytes are a group of cells with functional characteristics and distinctive morphological that vary within specific areas of the brain.
For healthy brain function, astrocytes are essential. those become reactive in the case of Alzheimer's disease, which impacts the signaling properties. while experimenting, there was the measurement for instinctive calcium transients ex vivo in hippocampal astrocytes in brain slices containing the dentate gyrus of 9-month-old and 6-month-old APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mice. when they investigated the duration of calcium transients and frequency concerning amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology, the proximity of the astrocyte to Aβ plaques, and aging. there was no change in spontaneous calcium-transient properties of 6M APP/PS1 astrocytes compared to wild-type astrocytes, whereas there was hyperactivity in 9M APP/PS1 astrocytes compared to wild -type, which were longer in duration, also there was an effect of aging too, there was an increase in calcium in the 9-month astrocytes than to the 6-month astrocytes, also there was an increase in the calcium waves in the 9-month astrocytes because of the increase network activity. The findings were that the change in calcium signaling in individual astrocytes of APP/PS1 mice is because of both pathology and aging but these don't have any impact on changes in the astrocyte network activity, which leads to helping to understand changes in neuronal physiology.
To know more about neuronal physiology refer to the link brainly.com/question/17060419?referrer=searchResults.
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Its either a or d
a because if someone takes a photo of the wings they could see how the wings work
or
d because then the person could see the colors in the pictures
